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NASA News: Combined news feeds from multiple NASA sources includeing NASA Breaking News, NASA Scientific and Technical Information, NASA Exploration Systems Mission Directorate, and Science@NASA. |
| Last Updated: 2010-07-19 |
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Cape Kazantip, Kerch Peninsula, Southern Sea of Azov, Ukraine 19 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Taken from a distance of 400 kilometers, this astronaut photograph shows details of agricultural fields and city blocks on the Kerch Peninsula, on the shore of the Sea of Azov. |
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NASA's Nebula Cloud Computing Technology To Play Key Role In New Open Source Initiative 19 Jul 2010 - NASA Breaking News The core technology developed for NASA's Nebula cloud computing platform has been selected as a contributor for OpenStack, a newly-launched open source cloud computing initiative. |
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Big Bend National Park 18 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Acquired on May 10, 2002, this natural-color image shows the varied landscapes of Big Bend National Park in southwestern Texas. |
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Aquatic Dead Zones 17 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory The number and size of ocean dead zones is closely connected to human population density. |
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What are Phytoplankton? 17 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Microscopic plant-like organisms called phytoplankton are the base of the marine food web, and they play a key role in removing carbon dioxide from the air. |
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An Exponential Luminous Efficiency Model for Hypervelocity Impact Into Regolith 16 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The flash of thermal radiation produced as part of the impact-crater forming process can be used to determine the energy of the impact if the luminous efficiency is known. From this energy the mass and, ultimately, the mass flux of similar impactors can be deduced. The luminous efficiency, Eta is a unique function of velocity with an extremely large variation in the laboratory range of under 8 km/s but a necessarily small variation with velocity in the meteoric range of 20 to 70 km/s.... |
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Liquid Oxygen/Liquid Methane Component Technology Development at MSFC 16 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) has identified Liquid Oxygen (LOX)/Liquid Methane (LCH4) as a potential propellant combination for future space vehicles based upon exploration studies. The technology is estimated to have higher performance and lower overall systems mass compared to existing hypergolic propulsion systems. Besides existing in-house risk reduction activities, NASA has solicited from industry their participation on component technologies based on the potential application to the lunar ascent main engine (AME).... |
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Flooding in Northern Mexico 16 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Acquired July 11, 2010 (top), and June 21, 2010 (bottom), these false-color images show northeastern Mexico before and after flooding along the Rio Salado. |
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Land Surface Temperatures, Early July 2010 16 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory This color-coded map shows above- and below-normal temperatures in early July 2010, when a heat wave struck much of North America and Eurasia. |
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Dust Storm in Egypt and Sudan 16 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory This pair of photo-like images shows the movement of a large dust storm across Egypt and Sudan on July 15, 2010. |
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Teachers Get Hands-On Experience Through New NASA Internship 16 Jul 2010 - NASA Breaking News Select teachers will spend part of their summer learning about virtual technology in an effort to get their students excited about science, technology, engineering and math. |
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NASA's WISE Mission Ready to Complete Extensive Sky Survey 16 Jul 2010 - NASA Breaking News NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, or WISE, will complete its first survey of the entire sky on July 17. |
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Fabrication of an Absorber-Coupled MKID Detector and Readout for Sub-Millimeter and Far-Infrared Astronomy 15 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: We have fabricated absorber-coupled microwave kinetic inductance detector (MKID) arrays for sub-millimeter and far-infrared astronomy. Each detector array is comprised of lambda/2 stepped impedance resonators, a 1.5 micrometer thick silicon membrane, and 380 micrometer thick silicon walls. The resonators consist of parallel plate aluminum transmission lines coupled to low impedance Nb microstrip traces of variable length, which set the resonant frequency of each resonator.... |
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New Findings Indicate Sediment Composition Affected the Strength of Sumatran Earthquake 15 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Earthquakes can generate tsunamis when the seafloor moves up or down rapidly, but why do some earthquakes create large hazards, such as the 2004 Sumatra 'Boxing Day Tsunami,' while others do not? New research reveals differences in the composition of rocks in this area may be responsible. |
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Heat Waves could be Commonplace in the U.S. by 2039, Stanford Study Finds 15 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Exceptionally long heat waves and other hot events could become commonplace in the United States in the next 30 years, according to a new study by Stanford University climate scientists. |
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Jakobshavn Glacier Retreat 15 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Acquired in 2001 (top) and 2010 (bottom), these natural-color images show substantial retreat in the Jakobshavn Glacier. |
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Fires in Saskatchewan 15 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory A large fire in northern Saskatchewan was billowing out a cloud of thick, brownish-gray smoke on July 13, 2010. |
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Flooding around Anahuac, Mexico 15 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Acquired July 12, 2010, this natural-color image shows floodwaters near the cities of Anáhuac and Rodriguez in the wake of opened floodgates. |
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NASA Finds Super Hot Planet With Unique Comet-Like Tail 15 Jul 2010 - NASA Breaking News Astronomers using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope have confirmed the existence of a baked object that could be called a 'cometary planet.' The gas giant planet, named HD 209458b, is orbiting so close to its star that its heated atmosphere is escaping into space. |
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MESSENGER Spacecraft Reveals New Information About Mercury 15 Jul 2010 - NASA Breaking News The first spacecraft designed by NASA to orbit Mercury is giving scientists a new perspective on the planet's atmosphere and evolution. |
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NASA Television Debuts Full-Time High Definition Channel 15 Jul 2010 - NASA Breaking News On Monday, July 19, NASA Television will launch a full-time High Definition (HD) channel that media, cable and satellite service providers can access. |
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Software Health Management: A Short Review of Challenges and Existing Techniques 14 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Modern spacecraft (as well as most other complex mechanisms like aircraft, automobiles, and chemical plants) rely more and more on software, to a point where software failures have caused severe accidents and loss of missions. Software failures during a manned mission can cause loss of life, so there are severe requirements to make the software as safe and reliable as possible. Typically, verification and validation (V&V) has the task of making sure that all software errors are found before the software is deployed and that it always conforms to the requirements.... |
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Landform Erosion and Volatile Redistribution on Ganymede and Callisto 14 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: We have been modeling landscape evolution on the Galilean satellites driven by volatile transport. Our work directly addresses some of the most fundamental issues pertinent to deciphering icy Galilean satellite geologic histories by employing techniques currently at the forefront of terrestrial, martian, and icy satellite landscape evolution studies [e.g., 1-6], including modeling of surface and subsurface energy and volatile exchanges, and computer simulation of long-term landform evolution by a variety of processes. A quantitative understanding of the expression and rates of landform erosion, and of volatile redistribution on landforms, is especially essential in interpreting endogenic landforms that have, in many cases, been significantly modified by erosion [e.g., 7-9].... |
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Flight Dynamics of Flexible Aircraft with Aeroelastic and Inertial Force Interactions 14 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: This paper presents an integrated flight dynamic modeling method for flexible aircraft that captures coupled physics effects due to inertial forces, aeroelasticity, and propulsive forces that are normally present in flight. The present approach formulates the coupled flight dynamics using a structural dynamic modeling method that describes the elasticity of a flexible, twisted, swept wing using an equivalent beam-rod model. The structural dynamic model allows for three types of wing elastic motion: flapwise bending, chordwise bending, and torsion.... |
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Testing First-Order Logic Axioms in AutoCert 14 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: AutoCert [2] is a formal verification tool for machine generated code in safety critical domains, such as aerospace control code generated from MathWorks Real-Time Workshop. AutoCert uses Automated Theorem Provers (ATPs) [5] based on First-Order Logic (FOL) to formally verify safety and functional correctness properties of the code. These ATPs try to build proofs based on user provided domain-specific axioms, which can be arbitrary First-Order Formulas (FOFs).... |
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DAMAS Processing for a Phased Array Study in the NASA Langley Jet Noise Laboratory 14 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: A jet noise measurement study was conducted using a phased microphone array system for a range of jet nozzle configurations and flow conditions. The test effort included convergent and convergent/divergent single flow nozzles, as well as conventional and chevron dual-flow core and fan configurations. Cold jets were tested with and without wind tunnel co-flow, whereas, hot jets were tested only with co-flow.... |
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Development of an Advanced Recycle Filter Tank Assembly for the ISS Urine Processor Assembly 14 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Recovering water from urine is a process that is critical to supporting larger crews for extended missions aboard the International Space Station. Urine is collected, preserved, and stored for processing into water and a concentrated brine solution that is highly toxic and must be contained to avoid exposure to the crew. The brine solution is collected in an accumulator tank, called a Recycle Filter Tank Assembly (RFTA) that must be replaced monthly and disposed in order to continue urine processing operations.... |
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Validation of a New Procedure for Impedance Eduction in Flow 14 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: A new impedance eduction procedure is validated by comparing the educed impedance spectrum to that of an older but well-tested eduction procedure. The older procedure requires the installation of a microphone array in the liner test section but the new procedure removes this requirement. A 12.7-mm stainless steel plate and a conventional liner consisting of a perforated plate bonded to a honeycomb core are tested.... |
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On Applying the Prognostic Performance Metrics 14 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Prognostics performance evaluation has gained significant attention in the past few years. As prognostics technology matures and more sophisticated methods for prognostic uncertainty management are developed, a standardized methodology for performance evaluation becomes extremely important to guide improvement efforts in a constructive manner. This paper is in continuation of previous efforts where several new evaluation metrics tailored for prognostics were introduced and were shown to effectively evaluate various algorithms as compared to other conventional metrics.... |
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Methods for Probabilistic Fault Diagnosis: An Electrical Power System Case Study 14 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Health management systems that more accurately and quickly diagnose faults that may occur in different technical systems on-board a vehicle will play a key role in the success of future NASA missions. We discuss in this paper the diagnosis of abrupt continuous (or parametric) faults within the context of probabilistic graphical models, more specifically Bayesian networks that are compiled to arithmetic circuits. This paper extends our previous research, within the same probabilistic setting, on diagnosis of abrupt discrete faults.... |
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A New Monte Carlo Filtering Method for the Diagnosis of Mission-Critical Failures 14 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Testing large-scale systems is expensive in terms of both time and money. Running simulations early in the process is a proven method of finding the design faults likely to lead to critical system failures, but determining the exact cause of those errors is still time-consuming and requires access to a limited number of domain experts. It is desirable to find an automated method that explores the large number of combinations and is able to isolate likely fault points.... |
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Recent Developments in Ultra High Temperature Ceramics at NASA Ames 14 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: NASA Ames is pursuing a variety of approaches to modify and control the microstructure of UHTCs with the goal of improving fracture toughness, oxidation resistance and controlling thermal conductivity. The overall goal is to produce materials that can perform reliably as sharp leading edges or nose tips in hypersonic reentry vehicles. Processing approaches include the use of preceramic polymers as the SiC source (as opposed to powder techniques), the addition of third phases to control grain growth and oxidation, and the use of processing techniques to produce high purity materials.... |
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nu-Anomica: A Fast Support Vector Based Novelty Detection Technique 14 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: In this paper we propose nu-Anomica, a novel anomaly detection technique that can be trained on huge data sets with much reduced running time compared to the benchmark one-class Support Vector Machines algorithm. In -Anomica, the idea is to train the machine such that it can provide a close approximation to the exact decision plane using fewer training points and without losing much of the generalization performance of the classical approach. We have tested the proposed algorithm on a variety of continuous data sets under different conditions.... |
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Rotorcraft Conceptual Design Environment 14 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Requirements for a rotorcraft conceptual design environment are discussed, from the perspective of a government laboratory. Rotorcraft design work in a government laboratory must support research, by producing technology impact assessments and defining the context for research and development; and must support the acquisition process, including capability assessments and quantitative evaluation of designs, concepts, and alternatives. An information manager that will enable increased fidelity of analysis early in the design effort is described.... |
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Dust Storm over Southern Afghanistan 14 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Acquired July 12, 2010, this natural-color image shows a dust plume over the borders between Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iran. |
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Heavy Rain in China 14 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory This color-coded image shows rainfall amounts around the city of Shanghai from July 6 to 12, 2010. |
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Tropical Storm Conson 14 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Acquired July 13, 2010, this natural-color image shows Conson over the eastern Philippines. |
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Heavy Rain in Bangladesh and India 14 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory This color-coded image shows rainfall amounts in India, Bangladesh, and the Bay of Bengal from July 6 to 12, 2010. |
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Dust disk found around massive star 14 Jul 2010 - PlanetQuest - the Search for Another Earth - Copyright 2008 A new discovery has the potential to answer the long-standing question of how massive stars are born -- and hints at the possibility that planets could form around the galaxy's biggest bodies. |
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NASA Sets Briefing to Preview Space Station Spacewalk 14 Jul 2010 - NASA Breaking News NASA officials will discuss an upcoming International Space Station spacewalk by two Russian cosmonauts during a news briefing at 2 p.m. CDT on Wednesday, July 21. |
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NASA Awards Rapid Response Space Works Contract 14 Jul 2010 - NASA Breaking News Serving as a contracting agent for the Department of Defense’s Operationally Responsive Space (ORS) Office, NASA has selected Millennium Engineering and Integration Co., of Arlington, Va., to receive a contract for Rapid Response Space Works (RRSW). |
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NASA Supporting Gulf Oil Spill Wildlife Recovery 14 Jul 2010 - NASA Breaking News NASA’s Kennedy Space Center is helping with the unprecedented effort to save wildlife from the effects of the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. |
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Benefits Assessment of Algorithmically Combining Generic High Altitude Airspace Sectors 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: In today's air traffic control operations, sectors that have traffic demand below capacity are combined so that fewer controller teams are required to manage air traffic. Controllers in current operations are certified to control a group of six to eight sectors, known as an area of specialization. Sector combinations are restricted to occur within areas of specialization.... |
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NASA Tech Briefs, June 2010 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Topics covered include: Situational Awareness from a Low-Cost Camera System; Data Acquisition System for Multi-Frequency Radar Flight Operations Preparation; Mercury Toolset for Spatiotemporal Metadata; Social Tagging of Mission Data; Integrating Radar Image Data with Google Maps; Demonstration of a Submillimeter-Wave HEMT Oscillator Module at 330 GHz; Flexible Peripheral Component Interconnect Input/Output Card; Interface Supports Lightweight Subsystem Routing for Flight Applications; MMIC Amplifiers and Wafer Probes for 350 to 500 GHz; Public Risk Assessment Program; Particle Swarm Optimization Toolbox; Telescience Support Center Data System Software; Update on PISCES; Ground and Space Radar Volume Matching and Comparison Software; Web-Based Interface for Command and Control of Network Sensors; Orbit Determination Toolbox; Distributed Observer Network; Computer-Automated Evolution of Spacecraft X-Band Antennas; Practical Loop-Shaping Design of Feedback Control Systems; Fully Printed High-Frequency Phased-Array Antenna on Flexible Substrate; Formula for the Removal and Remediation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Painted Structures; Integrated Solar Concentrator and Shielded Radiator; Water Membrane Evaporator; Modeling of Failure for Analysis of Triaxial Braided Carbon Fiber Composites; Catalyst for Carbon Monoxide Oxidation; Titanium Hydroxide - a Volatile Species at High Temperature; Selective Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes: Part II; Steerable Hopping Six-Legged Robot; Launchable and Retrievable Tetherobot; Hybrid Heat Exchangers; Orbital Winch for High-Strength, Space-Survivable Tethers; Parameterized Linear Longitudinal Airship Model; and Physics of Life: A Model for Non-Newtonian Properties of Living Systems.... |
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Flexible Peripheral Component Interconnect Input/Output Card 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The Flexible Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) Input/Output (I/O) Card is an innovative circuit board that provides functionality to interface between a variety of devices. It supports user-defined interrupts for interface synchronization, tracks system faults and failures, and includes checksum and parity evaluation of interface data. The card supports up to 16 channels of high-speed, half-duplex, low-voltage digital signaling (LVDS) serial data, and can interface combinations of serial and parallel devices.... |
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Fully Printed High-Frequency Phased-Array Antenna on Flexible Substrate 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: To address the issues of flexible electronics needed for surface-to-surface, surface-to-orbit, and back-to-Earth communications necessary for manned exploration of the Moon, Mars, and beyond, a room-temperature printing process has been developed to create active, phased-array antennas (PAAs) on a flexible Kapton substrate. Field effect transistors (FETs) based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs), with many unique physical properties, were successfully proven feasible for phased-array antenna systems. The carrier mobility of an individual CNT is estimated to be at least 100,000 sq cm/V(dot)s.... |
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Parameterized Linear Longitudinal Airship Model 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: A parameterized linear mathematical model of the longitudinal dynamics of an airship is undergoing development. This model is intended to be used in designing control systems for future airships that would operate in the atmospheres of Earth and remote planets. Heretofore, the development of linearized models of the longitudinal dynamics of airships has been costly in that it has been necessary to perform extensive flight testing and to use system-identification techniques to construct models that fit the flight-test data.... |
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Computer-Automated Evolution of Spacecraft X-Band Antennas 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: A document discusses the use of computer- aided evolution in arriving at a design for X-band communication antennas for NASA s three Space Technology 5 (ST5) satellites, which were launched on March 22, 2006. Two evolutionary algorithms, incorporating different representations of the antenna design and different fitness functions, were used to automatically design and optimize an X-band antenna design. A set of antenna designs satisfying initial ST5 mission requirements was evolved by use these algorithms.... |
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Integrated Solar Concentrator and Shielded Radiator 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: A shielded radiator is integrated within a solar concentrator for applications that require protection from high ambient temperatures with little convective heat transfer. This innovation uses a reflective surface to deflect ambient thermal radiation, shielding the radiator. The interior of the shield is also reflective to provide a view factor to deep space.... |
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Integrating Radar Image Data with Google Maps 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: A public Web site has been developed as a method for displaying the multitude of radar imagery collected by NASA s Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AIRSAR) instrument during its 16-year mission. Utilizing NASA s internal AIRSAR site, the new Web site features more sophisticated visualization tools that enable the general public to have access to these images. The site was originally maintained at NASA on six computers: one that held the Oracle database, two that took care of the software for the interactive map, and three that were for the Web site itself.... |
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Situational Awareness from a Low-Cost Camera System 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: A method gathers scene information from a low-cost camera system. Existing surveillance systems using sufficient cameras for continuous coverage of a large field necessarily generate enormous amounts of raw data. Digitizing and channeling that data to a central computer and processing it in real time is difficult when using low-cost, commercially available components.... |
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Data Acquisition System for Multi-Frequency Radar Flight Operations Preparation 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: A three-channel data acquisition system was developed for the NASA Multi-Frequency Radar (MFR) system. The system is based on a commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) industrial PC (personal computer) and two dual-channel 14-bit digital receiver cards. The decimated complex envelope representations of the three radar signals are passed to the host PC via the PCI bus, and then processed in parallel by multiple cores of the PC CPU (central processing unit).... |
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Orbital Winch for High-Strength, Space-Survivable Tethers 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: An Orbital Winch mechanism enables high-load, multi-line tethers to be deployed and retracted without rotating the spool on which the tether is wound. To minimize damage to the tether and the wound package during retraction or deployment under load, it can incorporate a Tension Management Module that reduces the infeed tension by a factor of 15 through the use of a powered capstan with guide rollers. This design eliminates the need for rotating high-voltage electrical connections in tether systems that use propellantless electro-dynamic propulsion.... |
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Titanium Hydroxide - a Volatile Species at High Temperature 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: An alternative method of low-temperature plasma functionalization of carbon nanotubes provides for the simultaneous attachment of molecular groups of multiple (typically two or three) different species or different mixtures of species to carbon nanotubes at different locations within the same apparatus. This method is based on similar principles, and involves the use of mostly the same basic apparatus, as those of the methods described in 'Low-Temperature Plasma Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes' (ARC-14661-1), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 28, No. 5 (May 2004), page 45. The figure schematically depicts the basic apparatus used in the aforementioned method, with emphasis on features that distinguish the present alternative method from the other.... |
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Selective Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes: Part II 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: An alternative method of low-temperature plasma functionalization of carbon nanotubes provides for the simultaneous attachment of molecular groups of multiple (typically two or three) different species or different mixtures of species to carbon nanotubes at different locations within the same apparatus. This method is based on similar principles, and involves the use of mostly the same basic apparatus, as those of the methods described in 'Low-Temperature Plasma Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes' (ARC-14661-1), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 28, No. 5 (May 2004), page 45. The figure schematically depicts the basic apparatus used in the aforementioned method, with emphasis on features that distinguish the present alternative method from the other.... |
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Update on PISCES 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: An updated version of the Platform Independent Software Components for the Exploration of Space (PISCES) software library is available. A previous version was reported in Library for Developing Spacecraft-Mission-Planning Software (MSC-22983), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 25, No. 7 (July 2001), page 52. To recapitulate: This software provides for Web-based, collaborative development of computer programs for planning trajectories and trajectory- related aspects of spacecraft-mission design.... |
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Practical Loop-Shaping Design of Feedback Control Systems 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: An improved methodology for designing feedback control systems has been developed based on systematically shaping the loop gain of the system to meet performance requirements such as stability margins, disturbance attenuation, and transient response, while taking into account the actuation system limitations such as actuation rates and range. Loop-shaping for controls design is not new, but past techniques do not directly address how to systematically design the controller to maximize its performance. As a result, classical feedback control systems are designed predominantly using ad hoc control design approaches such as proportional integral derivative (PID), normally satisfied when a workable solution is achieved, without a good understanding of how to maximize the effectiveness of the control design in terms of competing performance requirements, in relation to the limitations of the plant design.... |
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Orbit Determination Toolbox 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The Orbit Determination Toolbox is an orbit determination (OD) analysis tool based on MATLAB and Java that provides a flexible way to do early mission analysis. The toolbox is primarily intended for advanced mission analysis such as might be performed in concept exploration, proposal, early design phase, or rapid design center environments. The emphasis is on flexibility, but it has enough fidelity to produce credible results.... |
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Steerable Hopping Six-Legged Robot 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The figure depicts selected aspects of a six-legged robot that moves by hopping and that can be steered in the sense that it can be launched into a hop in a controllable direction. This is a prototype of hopping robots being developed for use in scientific exploration of rough terrain on remote planets that have surface gravitation less than that of Earth. Hopping robots could also be used on Earth, albeit at diminished hopping distances associated with the greater Earth gravitation.... |
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Public Risk Assessment Program 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The Public Entry Risk Assessment (PERA) program addresses risk to the public from shuttle or other spacecraft re-entry trajectories. Managing public risk to acceptable levels is a major component of safe spacecraft operation. PERA is given scenario inputs of vehicle trajectory, probability of failure along that trajectory, the resulting debris characteristics, and field size and distribution, and returns risk metrics that quantify the individual and collective risk posed by that scenario.... |
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Formula for the Removal and Remediation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Painted Structures 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: An activated metal treatment system (AMTS) removes and destroys polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) found in painted structures or within the binding or caulking material on structures. It may be applied using a 'paint-on and wipe-off' process that leaves the structure PCB-free and virtually unaltered in physical form. AMTS is used in conjunction with a solvent solution capable of donating hydrogen atoms.... |
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Water Membrane Evaporator 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: A water membrane evaporator (WME) has been conceived and tested as an alternative to the contamination-sensitive and corrosion-prone evaporators currently used for dissipating heat from space vehicles. The WME consists mainly of the following components: An outer stainless-steel screen that provides structural support for the components mentioned next; Inside and in contact with the stainless-steel screen, a hydrophobic membrane that is permeable to water vapor; Inside and in contact with the hydrophobic membrane, a hydrophilic membrane that transports the liquid feedwater to the inner surface of the hydrophobic membrane; Inside and in contact with the hydrophilic membrane, an annular array of tubes through which flows the spacecraft coolant carrying the heat to be dissipated; and An inner exclusion tube that limits the volume of feedwater in the WME. In operation, a pressurized feedwater reservoir is connected to the volume between the exclusion tube and the coolant tubes. Feedwater fills the volume, saturates the hydrophilic membrane, and is retained by the hydrophobic membrane.... |
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Web-Based Interface for Command and Control of Network Sensors 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: This software allows for the visualization and control of a network of sensors through a Web browser interface. It is currently being deployed for a network of sensors monitoring Mt. Saint Helen s volcano; however, this innovation is generic enough that it can be deployed for any type of sensor Web.... |
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Physics of Life: A Model for Non-Newtonian Properties of Living Systems 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: This innovation proposes the reconciliation of the evolution of life with the second law of thermodynamics via the introduction of the First Principle for modeling behavior of living systems. The structure of the model is quantum-inspired: it acquires the topology of the Madelung equation in which the quantum potential is replaced with the information potential. As a result, the model captures the most fundamental property of life: the progressive evolution; i.e. the ability to evolve from disorder to order without any external interference.... |
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Catalyst for Carbon Monoxide Oxidation 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: In many applications, it is highly desirable to operate a CO2 laser in a sealed condition, for in an open system the laser requires a continuous flow of laser gas to remove the dissociation products that occur in the discharge zone of the laser, in order to maintain a stable power output. This adds to the operating cost of the laser, and in airborne or space applications, it also adds to the weight penalty of the laser. In a sealed CO2 laser, a small amount of CO2 gas is decomposed in the electrical discharge zone into corresponding quantities of CO and O2.... |
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Telescience Support Center Data System Software 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The Telescience Support Center (TSC) team has developed a databasedriven, increment-specific Data Require - ment Document (DRD) generation tool that automates much of the work required for generating and formatting the DRD. It creates a database to load the required changes to configure the TSC data system, thus eliminating a substantial amount of labor in database entry and formatting. The TSC database contains the TSC systems configuration, along with the experimental data, in which human physiological data must be de-commutated in real time. The data for each experiment also must be cataloged and archived for future retrieval.... |
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Particle Swarm Optimization Toolbox 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The Particle Swarm Optimization Toolbox is a library of evolutionary optimization tools developed in the MATLAB environment. The algorithms contained in the library include a genetic algorithm (GA), a single-objective particle swarm optimizer (SOPSO), and a multi-objective particle swarm optimizer (MOPSO). Development focused on both the SOPSO and MOPSO. A GA was included mainly for comparison purposes, and the particle swarm optimizers appeared to perform better for a wide variety of optimization problems.... |
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MMIC Amplifiers and Wafer Probes for 350 to 500 GHz 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: A wireless avionics interface exploits the constrained nature of data networks in flight systems to use a lightweight routing method. This simplified routing means that a processor is not required, and the logic can be implemented as an intellectual property (IP) core in a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The FPGA can be shared with the flight subsystem application.... |
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Ground and Space Radar Volume Matching and Comparison Software 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: This software enables easy comparison of ground- and space-based radar observations. The software was initially designed to compare ground radar reflectivity from operational, ground based Sand C-band meteorological radars with comparable measurements from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite s Precipitation Radar (PR) instrument. The software is also applicable to other ground-based and space-based radars.... |
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Demonstration of a Submillimeter-Wave HEMT Oscillator Module at 330 GHz 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: In this work, radial transitions have been successfully mated with a HEMT-based MMIC (high-electron-mobility-transistor-based monolithic microwave integrated circuit) oscillator circuit. The chip has been assembled into a WR2.2 waveguide module for the basic implementation with radial E-plane probe transitions to convert the waveguide mode to the MMIC coplanar waveguide mode. The E-plane transitions have been directly integrated onto the InP substrate to couple the submillimeter-wave energy directly to the waveguides, thus avoiding wire-bonds in the RF path.... |
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Launchable and Retrievable Tetherobot 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: A proposed robotic system for scientific exploration of rough terrain would include a stationary or infrequently moving larger base robot, to which would be tethered a smaller hopping robot of the type described in the immediately preceding article. The two-robot design would extend the reach of the base robot, making it possible to explore nearby locations that might otherwise be inaccessible or too hazardous for the base robot. The system would include a launching mechanism and a motor-driven reel on the larger robot.... |
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Interface Supports Lightweight Subsystem Routing for Flight Applications 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: A wireless avionics interface exploits the constrained nature of data networks in flight systems to use a lightweight routing method. This simplified routing means that a processor is not required, and the logic can be implemented as an intellectual property (IP) core in a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The FPGA can be shared with the flight subsystem application.... |
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Hybrid Heat Exchangers 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: A hybrid light-weight heat exchanger concept has been developed that uses high-conductivity carbon-carbon (C-C) composites as the heat-transfer fins and uses conventional high-temperature metals, such as Inconel, nickel, and titanium as the parting sheets to meet leakage and structural requirements. In order to maximize thermal conductivity, the majority of carbon fiber is aligned in the fin direction resulting in 300 W/m.K or higher conductivity in the fin directions. As a result of this fiber orientation, the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the C-C composite in both non-fiber directions matches well with the CTE of various high-temperature metal alloys.... |
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Modeling of Failure for Analysis of Triaxial Braided Carbon Fiber Composites 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: In the development of advanced aircraft-engine fan cases and containment systems, composite materials are beginning to be used due to their low weight and high strength. The design of these structures must include the capability of withstanding impact loads from a released fan blade. Relatively complex triaxially braided fiber architectures have been found to yield the best performance for the fan cases.... |
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Mercury Toolset for Spatiotemporal Metadata 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Mercury (http://mercury.ornl.gov) is a set of tools for federated harvesting, searching, and retrieving metadata, particularly spatiotemporal metadata. Version 3.0 of the Mercury toolset provides orders of magnitude improvements in search speed, support for additional metadata formats, integration with Google Maps for spatial queries, facetted type search, support for RSS (Really Simple Syndication) delivery of search results, and enhanced customization to meet the needs of the multiple projects that use Mercury. It provides a single portal to very quickly search for data and information contained in disparate data management systems, each of which may use different metadata formats.... |
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Social Tagging of Mission Data 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Mars missions will generate a large amount of data in various forms, such as daily plans, images, and scientific information. Often, there is a semantic linkage between images that cannot be captured automatically. Software is needed that will provide a method for creating arbitrary tags for this mission data so that items with a similar tag can be related to each other.... |
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Analysis of Different Cost Functions in the Geosect Airspace Partitioning Tool 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: A new cost function representing air traffic controller workload is implemented in the Geosect airspace partitioning tool. Geosect currently uses a combination of aircraft count and dwell time to select optimal airspace partitions that balance controller workload. This is referred to as the aircraft count/dwell time hybrid cost function.... |
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User-Centric Multi-Criteria Information Retrieval 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Information retrieval models usually represent content only, and not other considerations, such as authority, cost, and recency. How could multiple criteria be utilized in information retrieval, and how would it affect the results? In our experiments, using multiple user-centric criteria always produced better results than a single criteria.... |
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Formation Ages of the Apollo 16 Regolith Breccias: Implications for Accessing the Bombardment History of the Moon 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Regolith breccias are lithified samples of the regolith that have been fused together by impact shock and thermal metamorphism. In lunar regolith samples, the ratio of trapped 40Ar/36Ar is a useful indicator of antiquity and can be used to model the closure age/lifithication event of the regolith (i.e. the apparent time when Ar became trapped [1]), thus providing an important insight into specific times when that regolith was interacting with the the dynamic inner solar system space environment [2-4].... |
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Probabilistic Design Analysis (PDA) Approach to Determine the Probability of Cross-System Failures for a Space Launch Vehicle 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Quantifying the probability of significant launch vehicle failure scenarios for a given design, while still in the design process, is critical to mission success and to the safety of the astronauts. Probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) is chosen from many system safety and reliability tools to verify the loss of mission (LOM) and loss of crew (LOC) requirements set by the NASA Program Office. To support the integrated vehicle PRA, probabilistic design analysis (PDA) models are developed by using vehicle design and operation data to better quantify failure probabilities and to better understand the characteristics of a failure and its outcome.... |
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Propulsion Airframe Aeroacoustic Integration Effects for a Hybrid Wing Body Aircraft Configuration 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: An extensive experimental investigation was performed to study the propulsion airframe aeroacoustic effects of a high bypass ratio engine for a hybrid wing body aircraft configuration where the engine is installed above the wing. The objective was to provide an understanding of the jet noise shielding effectiveness as a function of engine gas condition and location as well as nozzle configuration. A 4.7% scale nozzle of a bypass ratio seven engine was run at characteristic cycle points under static and forward flight conditions.... |
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Hybrid Wing Body Aircraft System Noise Assessment with Propulsion Airframe Aeroacoustic Experiments 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: A system noise assessment of a hybrid wing body configuration was performed using NASA s best available aircraft models, engine model, and system noise assessment method. A propulsion airframe aeroacoustic effects experimental database for key noise sources and interaction effects was used to provide data directly in the noise assessment where prediction methods are inadequate. NASA engine and aircraft system models were created to define the hybrid wing body aircraft concept as a twin engine aircraft with a 7500 nautical mile mission.... |
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Prediction of Landing Gear Noise Reduction and Comparison to Measurements 13 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Noise continues to be an ongoing problem for existing aircraft in flight and is projected to be a concern for next generation designs. During landing, when the engines are operating at reduced power, the noise from the airframe, of which landing gear noise is an important part, is equal to the engine noise. There are several methods of predicting landing gear noise, but none have been applied to predict the change in noise due to a change in landing gear design.... |
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NASA Selects Student Experiments For International Space Station 13 Jul 2010 - NASA Breaking News NASA has selected nine experiments, designed by students at seven schools, for astronauts to perform on the International Space Station this summer. NASA selected the proposals from among 132 received for the new Kids in Micro-g! Program. |
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NASA Announces Three New Centennial Challenges 13 Jul 2010 - NASA Breaking News NASA announced three new Centennial Challenges Tuesday, with an overall prize purse of $5 million. NASA's Centennial Challenges are prize competitions for technological achievements by independent teams who work without government funding. |
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Lunar Meteoroid Impact Observations and the Flux of Kilogram-Size Meteoroids 12 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Meteor showers dominate the environment in this size range and explain the evening/morning flux asymmetry of 1.5:1. With sufficient numbers of impacts, this technique can help determine the population index for some showers. Measured flux of meteoroids in the 100g to kilograms range is consistent with other observations.... |
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Design for Safety - The Ares Launch Vehicles Paradigm Change 12 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The lessons learned from the S&MA early involvement in the Ares I launch vehicle design phases proved that performing an in-line function jointly with engineering is critical for S&MA to have an effective role in supporting the system, element, and component design. These lessons learned were used to effectively support the Ares V conceptual design phase and planning for post conceptual design phases. The Top level Conceptual LOM assessment for Ares V performed by the S&MA community jointly with the engineering Advanced Concept Office (ACO) was influential in the final selection of the Ares V system configuration.... |
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Improving Software Engineering on NASA Projects 12 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Software Engineering Initiative: Reduces risk of software failure -Increases mission safety. More predictable software cost estimates and delivery schedules. Smarter buyer of contracted out software.... |
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A Spectral Lyapunov Function for Exponentially Stable LTV Systems 12 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: This paper presents the formulation of a Lyapunov function for an exponentially stable linear timevarying (LTV) system using a well-defined PD-spectrum and the associated PD-eigenvectors. It provides a bridge between the first and second methods of Lyapunov for stability assessment, and will find significant applications in the analysis and control law design for LTV systems and linearizable nonlinear time-varying systems.... |
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JANNAF Lessons Learned Panel Discussion 12 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The difference between the AS-510 observed and predicted separation distance is attributed to a greater F-1 engine 'tail off' impulse than that used in the separation distance prediction. . The F-1 thrust decay was normal and not appreciably different from previous (AS-505 through 509) flights. . Analysis indicates that with an S-IC stage having only four retro motors, failure of one retro motor to ignite would result in marginal separation distances and, in the 3-sigma case, re-contact of the two stages. .... |
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Quiet, Efficient Fans for Spaceflight: An Overview of NASA's Technology Development Plan 12 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: A Technology Development Plan to improve the aerodynamic and acoustic performance of spaceflight fans has been submitted to NASA s Exploration Technology Development Program. The plan describes a research program intended to make broader use of the technology developed at NASA Glenn to increase the efficiency and reduce the noise of aircraft engine fans. The goal is to develop a set of well-characterized government-owned fans nominally suited for spacecraft ventilation and cooling systems.... |
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The Future of Software Certification - A Roadmap 12 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: We present some thoughts on how automated software analysis tools can support the certification of safety-critical software.... |
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Performance of Trajectory Models with Wind Uncertainty 12 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Typical aircraft trajectory predictors use wind forecasts but do not account for the forecast uncertainty. A method for generating estimates of wind prediction uncertainty is described and its effect on aircraft trajectory prediction uncertainty is investigated. The procedure for estimating the wind prediction uncertainty relies uses a time-lagged ensemble of weather model forecasts from the hourly updated Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) weather prediction system.... |
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Workshop Report On Sustainable Urban Development 12 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The key workshop goal was to explore and document how NASA technologies, such as remote sensing, climate modeling, and high-end computing and visualization along with NASA assets such as Earth Observing Satellites (EOS) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) can contribute to creating and managing a sustainable urban environment. The focus was on the greater Bay Area, but many aspects of the workshop were applicable to urban management at the local, regional and global scales. A secondary goal was to help NASA better understand the problems facing urban managers and to make city leaders in the Bay Area more aware of NASA's capabilities.... |
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Deriving Safety Cases from Automatically Constructed Proofs 12 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Formal proofs provide detailed justification for the validity of claims and are widely used in formal software development methods. However, they are often complex and difficult to understand, because the formalism in which they are constructed and encoded is usually machine-oriented, and they may also be based on assumptions that are not justified. This causes concerns about the trustworthiness of using formal proofs as arguments in safety-critical applications.... |
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Southern Paramushir Island, Kuril Chain, Russia 12 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory This astronaut photograph shows the southern end of Paramushir Island after a snowfall. Four volcanic centers are brightly lit on their western slopes and deeply shadowed to the east. |
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NASA and Microsoft Provide Mars 3-D Close Encounter 12 Jul 2010 - NASA Breaking News NASA and Microsoft Research are bringing Mars to life with new features in the WorldWide Telescope software that provide viewers with a high-resolution 3-D map of the Red Planet. |
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Brazilian Dune Fields 11 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Acquired September 11, 2002, this natural-color image shows a dune field along Brazil’s northeastern coast, near the city of LuĂs Correia. |
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Internal Waves in the Indian Ocean 10 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory This image shows both internal waves and surface waves on the Indian Ocean near the Andaman Islands on March 6, 2007. |
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Dust off the West Coast of Africa 10 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Acquired July 8, 2010, this natural-color image shows dust and clouds off the west coast of Africa. |
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Dust Plumes over Argentina 10 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Acquired July 7, 2010, this natural-color image shows dust plumes blowing from the sediments of Argentina’s Laguna Mar Chiquita. |
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Carbon Monoxide Levels Trace Spread of Smoke Across Canada 10 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory This map shows concentrations of carbon monoxide—one component of smoke—from June 23–28 across Canada and the northern United States. |
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Assessment of Static Delamination Propagation Capabilities in Commercial Finite Element Codes Using Benchmark Analysis 09 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: With capabilities for simulating delamination growth in composite materials becoming available, the need for benchmarking and assessing these capabilities is critical. In this study, benchmark analyses were performed to assess the delamination propagation simulation capabilities of the VCCT implementations in Marc TM and MD NastranTM. Benchmark delamination growth results for Double Cantilever Beam, Single Leg Bending and End Notched Flexure specimens were generated using a numerical approach. This numerical approach was developed previously, and involves comparing results from a series of analyses at different delamination lengths to a single analysis with automatic crack propagation.... |
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NASA Names Lugo As Director Of Glenn Research Center 09 Jul 2010 - NASA Breaking News NASA Administrator Charles Bolden has named Ramon 'Ray' Lugo III as director of the agency's Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, effective July 18. Lugo has been Glenn's acting director since March. |
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First NASA Astronaut To Send Live Tweet From Space Hosts Tweetup 09 Jul 2010 - NASA Breaking News NASA invites its Twitter followers to a special Tweetup with astronaut T.J. Creamer at 3 p.m. EDT on Thursday, July 29. |
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Evaluation of Gear Condition Indicator Performance on Rotorcraft Fleet 08 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The U.S. Army is currently expanding its fleet of Health Usage Monitoring Systems (HUMS) equipped aircraft at significant rates, to now include over 1,000 rotorcraft. Two different on-board HUMS, the Honeywell Modern Signal Processing Unit (MSPU) and the Goodrich Integrated Vehicle Health Management System (IVHMS), are collecting vibration health data on aircraft that include the Apache, Blackhawk, Chinook, and Kiowa Warrior. The objective of this paper is to recommend the most effective gear condition indicators for fleet use based on both a theoretical foundation and field data.... |
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Material Properties of Three Candidate Elastomers for Space Seals Applications 08 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: A next-generation docking system is being developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to support Constellation Space Exploration Missions to low Earth orbit (LEO), to the Moon, and to Mars. A number of investigations were carried out to quantify the properties of candidate elastomer materials for use in the main interface seal of the Low Impact Docking System (LIDS). This seal forms the gas pressure seal between two mating spacecraft.... |
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Standardization of a Volumetric Displacement Measurement for Two-Body Abrasion Scratch Test Data Analysis 08 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: A limitation has been identified in the existing test standards used for making controlled, two-body abrasion scratch measurements based solely on the width of the resultant score on the surface of the material. A new, more robust method is proposed for analyzing a surface scratch that takes into account the full three-dimensional profile of the displaced material. To accomplish this, a set of four volume displacement metrics are systematically defined by normalizing the overall surface profile to statistically denote the area of relevance, termed the Zone of Interaction (ZOI).... |
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Facilitating NASA's Use of GEIA-STD-0005-1, Performance Standard for Aerospace and High Performance Electronic Systems Containing Lead-Free Solder 08 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: GEIA-STD-0005-1 defines the objectives of, and requirements for, documenting processes that assure customers and regulatory agencies that AHP electronic systems containing lead-free solder, piece parts, and boards will satisfy the applicable requirements for performance, reliability, airworthiness, safety, and certify-ability throughout the specified life of performance. It communicates requirements for a Lead-Free Control Plan (LFCP) to assist suppliers in the development of their own Plans. The Plan documents the Plan Owner's (supplier's) processes, that assure their customer, and all other stakeholders that the Plan owner's products will continue to meet their requirements.... |
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Converting a C-130 Hercules into a Compound Helicopter: A Conceptual Design Study 08 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: This study presents the performance and weight changes for a Compound C-130 as compared to the Baseline C-130H Hercules, using NDARC as the primary analysis tool. First, the C-130H was modeled within NDARC, from which performance at various conditions and a parametric weight statement were generated. Then, the C-130H NDARC file was modified to represent the Compound C-130, which was then put through the same performance analysis as the C-130H. A parametric weight statement was also calculated for the Compound C-130, which allowed for comparison to the C-130H. As part of the modeling of the Compound C-130, a Rotor Design Spreadsheet was created that would allow the direct calculation of the weight of the main rotors being added.... |
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Landslide Lake on Hunza River Overflows into Spillway 08 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Acquired July 7, 2010, this photo-like image shows water from a landslide-dammed river flowing through a human-made spillway in northwestern Pakistan’s Hunza Valley. |
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Fires in Eastern Siberia 08 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Acquired July 7, 2010, this natural-color image shows multiple fires burning in eastern Siberia. |
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Fires in Western Russia 08 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Acquired July 2, 2010, this image shows fires burning along the Volga River in western Russia. A cluster of fires sends an opaque plume of smoke toward the northwest. |
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Fires and Smoke in Eastern China 08 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Acquired July 6, 2010, this natural-color image shows fires (marked by red dots) and thick smoke plumes in eastern China. |
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NASA Ceremony Honors Shuttle External Tank Workforce 08 Jul 2010 - NASA Breaking News NASA and Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company paid tribute to the workforce who built the external tanks for the space shuttle fleet on Thursday at NASA's Michoud Assembly Facility in New Orleans. |
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NASA And Partners Assign Crews For Upcoming Space Station Missions 08 Jul 2010 - NASA Breaking News NASA and its international partners, the Russia Federal Space Agency and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), have assigned four new International Space Station crews. |
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Turbopump Seal Testing at Marshall Space Flight Center 07 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The new ARES space flight program has presented many challenges to aerospace engineers and designers. One of the areas for consideration are the seals in the turbopumps that supply cryogenic propellants to the combustion chamber in the upper stage. Heritage face seals that worked in the past might not be sufficient in the newer turbopumps with increased speeds, pressures across the seals, and loads.... |
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Ares I Thrust Oscillation Damper Sizing Analysis 07 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The Liquid Oxygen (LO2) Tank Thrust Oscillation (TO) Damper system mitigates the impact of TO induced loads on both vehicle and crew. For the Ares I vehicle, TO is a very serious concern due to resonant coupling between this inherent input from the first stage motor and the vehicle second longitudinal mode. The basic design of the damper includes a gas filled bellows submerged in the upper stage tanked LO2.... |
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Modeling Of Metabolic Heat Regenerated Temperature Swing Adsorption (MTSA) Subassembly For Prototype Design 07 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: This paper describes modeling methods for the three core components of a Metabolic heat regenerated Temperature Swing Adsorption (MTSA) subassembly: a sorbent bed, a sublimation (cooling) heat exchanger (SHX), and a condensing icing (warming) heat exchanger (CIHX). The primary function of the MTSA, removing carbon dioxide from a space suit Portable Life Support System (PLSS) ventilation loop, is performed via the sorbent bed. The CIHX is used to heat the sorbent bed for desorption and to remove moisture from the ventilation loop while the SHX is alternately employed to cool the sorbent bed via sublimation of a spray of water at low pressure to prepare the reconditioned bed for the next cycle.... |
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A Comparison of Flow-Through Versus Non-Flow-Through Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Systems for NASA's Exploration Missions 07 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: As part of the Exploration Technology Development Program (ETDP) under the auspices of the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD), NASA is developing both primary fuel cell power systems and regenerative fuel cell (RFC) energy storage systems within the fuel cell portion of the Energy Storage Project. This effort is being led by the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) in partnership with the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA Kennedy Space Center (KSC), and industrial partners. The development goals are to improve fuel cell and electrolysis stack electrical performance, reduce system mass, volume, and parasitic power requirements, and increase system life and reliability.... |
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Rainfall from Hurricane Alex 07 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory This color-coded image shows the storm track for Alex as well as rainfall amounts associated with the storm, from June 26 to July 2, 2010. |
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Fires in Saskatchewan, Canada 07 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory West-southwest winds drove smoke away from numerous larges fires in Saskatchewan, Canada, on July 1, 2010. |
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Dalia Kirschbaum Talks About Making a Global Landslide Inventory 07 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory NASA scientist Dalia Kirschbaum talks about the potential for a global inventory of rain-triggered landslides to help scientists better understand when and where landslides are most likely to occur. |
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Warmer Ecosystems Could Absorb Less Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide 07 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Research by scientists at Queen Mary, University of London has found that a predicted rise in global temperature of 4°C by 2100 could lead to a 13 percent reduction in ecosystems' ability to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. (University of London press release) |
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Nitrogen Pollution Alters Global Change Scenarios from the Ground Up 07 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Scientists find excess nitrogen favors plants that respond poorly to rising CO2, according to two ecologists at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (Smithsonian press release) |
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NOAA-Supported Scientists Predict śLarger Than Averageť Gulf Dead Zone 07 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory The northern Gulf of Mexico hypoxic zone, an underwater area with little or no oxygen known commonly as the “dead zone,” could be larger than the recent average, according to a forecast by a team of NOAA-supported scientists from the Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, Louisiana State University, and the University of Michigan. (NOAA press release) |
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Scrubbing CO2 from Atmosphere Could be a Long-Term Commitment 07 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory A new study by scientists at the Carnegie Institution suggests that while removing excess carbon dioxide would cool the planet, complexities of the carbon cycle would limit the effectiveness of a one-time effort. To keep carbon dioxide at low levels would require a long-term commitment spanning decades or even centuries. |
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NASA's TRMM Satellite Sees Heavy Rainfall in Hurricane Alex 07 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory At NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., scientists created an analysis of Hurricane Alex's rainfall using data captured by the TRMM satellite on June 29, 2010, which highlighted the strength of the storm and categorized it as the first hurricane of the 2010 Atlantic hurricane season. (NASA press release) |
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Climate Q&A: Why is global warming a problem? 07 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory The cost and benefits of global warming will vary greatly from area to area. For moderate climate change, the balance can be difficult to assess. But the larger the change in climate, the more negative the consequences will become. |
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Selected Astronaut Photography available in Google Earth *BETA* 07 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Continuing our releases of selected imagery from the Earth Observatory through Google Earth, we are pleased to present 'Astronaut Photography of Earth' which showcases 500+ images curated by our friends at Johnson Space Center. |
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Students talk shop with JPL engineers 07 Jul 2010 - PlanetQuest - the Search for Another Earth - Copyright 2008 For most college students, finals take in place inside a classroom, but one engineering class from Princeton University had the opportunity to present their work to a group of JPL's Team X engineers, who have contributed to missions ranging from GRACE to the famous Mars rovers. |
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NASA To Fly Into Hurricane Research This Summer 07 Jul 2010 - NASA Breaking News Three NASA aircraft will begin flights to study tropical cyclones on Aug. 15 during the agency's first major U.S.-based hurricane field campaign since 2001. |
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NASA, Georgetown Invite Public to Astronauts' Discussion of Recent Space Shuttle Mission 07 Jul 2010 - NASA Breaking News NASA and Georgetown University's McDonough School of Business invite the public to a discussion with the most recent space shuttle crew to fly in space at 6:30 p.m. EDT on Monday, July 26. |
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NASA Awards Crew Robotics And Vehicle Equipment Contracts 07 Jul 2010 - NASA Breaking News NASA has awarded contracts to three companies and one university for crew robotics and vehicle equipment work. |
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Hazards Due to Overdischarge in Lithium-ion Cylindrical Cells in Multi-cell Configurations 06 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Lithium-ion cells in the cylindrical Commercial-off-the-shelf 18650 design format were used to study the hazards associated with overdischarge. The cells in series or in parallel configurations were subjected to different conditions of overdischarge. The cells in parallel configurations were all overdischarged to 2.0 V for 75 cycles with one cell removed at 25 cycles to study the health of the cell.... |
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Ares I Avionics Introduction 06 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The Ares I avionics uses a multi-string, voting architecture to provide single fault tolerance and enhanced crew safety. . The system draws upon experience gained from building earlier systems such as Shuttle, X-38, and Seawolf submarines. . The system uses existing technologies for critical systems, as much as possible, to reduce development risk.... |
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Habitation Concepts and Tools for Asteroid Missions and Commercial Applications 06 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: In 2009 studies were initiated in response to the Augustine Commission s review of the Human Spaceflight Program to examine the feasibility of additional options for space exploration beyond the lunar missions planned in the Constellation Program. One approach called a Flexible Path option included possible human missions to near-Earth asteroids. This paper presents an overview of possible asteroid missions with emphasis on the habitation options and vehicle configurations conceived for the crew excursion vehicles.... |
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Testing of Liquid Metal Components for Nuclear Surface Power Systems 06 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The capability to perform testing at both the module/component level and in near prototypic reactor configurations using a non-nuclear test methodology allowed for evaluation of two components critical to the development of a potential nuclear fission power system for the lunar surface. A pair of 1 kW Stirling power convertors, similar to the type that would be used in a reactor system to convert heat to electricity, were integrated into a reactor simulator system to determine their performance using pumped NaK as the hot side working fluid. The performance in the pumped-NaK system met or exceed the baseline performance measurements where the converters were electrically heated.... |
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Adaptive Data-based Predictive Control for Short Take-off and Landing (STOL) Aircraft 06 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Data-based Predictive Control is an emerging control method that stems from Model Predictive Control (MPC). MPC computes current control action based on a prediction of the system output a number of time steps into the future and is generally derived from a known model of the system. Data-based predictive control has the advantage of deriving predictive models and controller gains from input-output data.... |
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History of Space Shuttle Main Engine Turbopump Bearing Testing at the Marshall Space Flight Center 06 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The Space Shuttle is propelled into orbit by two solid rocket motors and three liquid fed main engines. After the solid motors fall away, the shuttle engines continue to run for a total time of 8 minutes. These engines are fed propellants by low and high pressure turbopumps.... |
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Sunny Skies over the Arctic in Late June 2010 06 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Acquired June 28, 2010, this natural-color mosaic shows largely sunny skies over the Arctic, occurring at the same time as near round-the-clock sunlight. |
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NASA Takes Gamers on a Lunar Adventure With New Online Video Game 06 Jul 2010 - NASA Breaking News NASA has given gamers a taste of lunar adventure with release of Moonbase Alpha, an exciting new, free online video game. |
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NASA Art And Design Contestants Create Multi-Media Visions Of Lunar Life 06 Jul 2010 - NASA Breaking News NASA has selected the winners in the 2010 Life and Work on the Moon Art and Design Contest from more than 200 international student entries. |
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Improving NOAA's NWLON Through Enhanced Data Inputs from NASA's Ocean Surface Topography 05 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: This report assesses the benefit of incorporating NASA's OSTM (Ocean Surface Topography Mission) altimeter data (C- and Ku-band) into NOAA's (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) NWLON (National Water Level Observation Network) DSS (Decision Support System). This data will enhance the NWLON DSS by providing additional inforrnation because not all stations collect all meteorological parameters (sea-surface height, ocean tides, wave height, and wind speed over waves). OSTM will also provide data where NWLON stations are not present.... |
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Understanding High Recession Rates of Carbon Ablators Seen in Shear Tests in an Arc Jet 05 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: High rates of recession in arc jet shear tests of Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablator (PICA) inspired a series of tests and analysis on FiberForm (a carbon preform used in the fabrication of PICA). Arc jet tests were performed on FiberForm in both air and pure nitrogen for stagnation and shear configurations. The nitrogen tests showed little or no recession, while the air tests of FiberForm showed recession rates similar to that of PICA (when adjusted for the difference in density).... |
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Technical Excellence and Communication: The Cornerstones for Successful Safety and Mission Assurance Programs 05 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The paper describes the role of technical excellence and communication in the development and maintenance of safety and mission assurance programs. The Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) Safety and Mission Assurance (S&MA) organization is used to illustrate philosophies and techniques that strengthen safety and mission assurance efforts and that contribute to healthy and effective organizational cultures. The events and conditions leading to the development of the MSFC S&MA organization are reviewed.... |
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Design of a Microwave Assisted Discharge Inductive Plasma Accelerator 05 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: A new plasma accelerator concept that employs electrodeless plasma preionization and pulsed inductive acceleration is presented. Preionization is achieved through an electron cyclotron resonance discharge that produces a weakly-ionized plasma at the face of a conical theta pinch-shaped inductive coil. The presence of the preionized plasma allows for current sheet formation at lower discharge voltages than those found in other pulsed inductive accelerators.... |
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Conceptual Design of a Two Spool Compressor for the NASA Large Civil Tilt Rotor Engine 05 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: This paper focuses on the conceptual design of a two spool compressor for the NASA Large Civil Tilt Rotor engine, which has a design-point pressure ratio goal of 30:1 and an inlet weight flow of 30.0 lbm/sec. The compressor notional design requirements of pressure ratio and low-pressure compressor (LPC) and high pressure ratio compressor (HPC) work split were based on a previous engine system study to meet the mission requirements of the NASA Subsonic Rotary Wing Projects Large Civil Tilt Rotor vehicle concept. Three mean line compressor design and flow analysis codes were utilized for the conceptual design of a two-spool compressor configuration.... |
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A Densified Liquid Methane Delivery System for the Altair Ascent Stage 05 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The Altair Lunar Lander is currently carrying options for both cryogenic and hypergolic ascent stage propulsion modules. The cryogenic option uses liquid methane and liquid oxygen to propel Altair from the lunar surface back to rendezvous with the Orion command module. Recent studies have determined that the liquid methane should be densified by subcooling it to 93 K in order to prevent over-pressurization of the propellant tanks during the 210 day stay on the lunar surface.... |
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Orion Active Thermal Control System Dynamic Modeling Using Simulink/MATLAB 05 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: This paper presents dynamic modeling of the crew exploration vehicle (Orion) active thermal control system (ATCS) using Simulink (Simulink, developed by The MathWorks). The model includes major components in ATCS, such as heat exchangers and radiator panels. The mathematical models of the heat exchanger and radiator are described first.... |
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A Nonlinear Dynamic Subscale Model for Partially Resolved Numerical Simulation (PRNS)/Very Large Eddy Simulation (VLES) of Internal Non-Reacting Flows 05 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: A brief introduction of the temporal filter based partially resolved numerical simulation/very large eddy simulation approach (PRNS/VLES) and its distinct features are presented. A nonlinear dynamic subscale model and its advantages over the linear subscale eddy viscosity model are described. In addition, a guideline for conducting a PRNS/VLES simulation is provided.... |
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Predictions of Supersonic Jet Mixing and Shock-Associated Noise Compared With Measured Far-Field Data 05 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Codes for predicting supersonic jet mixing and broadband shock-associated noise were assessed using a database containing noise measurements of a jet issuing from a convergent nozzle. Two types of codes were used to make predictions. Fast running codes containing empirical models were used to compute both the mixing noise component and the shock-associated noise component of the jet noise spectrum.... |
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Analysis of the STS-126 Flow Control Valve Structural-Acoustic Coupling Failure 05 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: During the Space Transportation System mission STS-126, one of the main engine's flow control valves incurred an unexpected failure. A section of the valve broke off during liftoff. It is theorized that an acoustic mode of the flowing fuel, coupled with a structural mode of the valve, causing a high cycle fatigue failure.... |
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Subsystem Hazard Analysis Methodology for the Ares I Upper Stage Source Controlled Items 05 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: This article describes processes involved in developing subsystem hazard analyses for Source Controlled Items (SCI), specific components, sub-assemblies, and/or piece parts, of the NASA ARES I Upper Stage (US) project. SCIs will be designed, developed and /or procured by Boeing as an end item or an off-the-shelf item. Objectives include explaining the methodology, tools, stakeholders and products involved in development of these hazard analyses.... |
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Turbofan Volume Dynamics Model for Investigations of Aero-Propulso-Servo-Elastic Effects in a Supersonic Commercial Transport 05 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: A turbofan simulation has been developed for use in aero-propulso-servo-elastic coupling studies, on supersonic vehicles. A one-dimensional lumped volume approach is used whereby each component (fan, high-pressure compressor, combustor, etc.) is represented as a single volume using characteristic performance maps and conservation equations for continuity, momentum and energy. The simulation is developed in the MATLAB/SIMULINK (The MathWorks, Inc.) environment in order to facilitate controls development, and ease of integration with a future aero-servo-elastic vehicle model being developed at NASA Langley.... |
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Formal Verification of Air Traffic Conflict Prevention Bands Algorithms 05 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: In air traffic management, a pairwise conflict is a predicted loss of separation between two aircraft, referred to as the ownship and the intruder. A conflict prevention bands system computes ranges of maneuvers for the ownship that characterize regions in the airspace that are either conflict-free or 'don't go' zones that the ownship has to avoid. Conflict prevention bands are surprisingly difficult to define and analyze.... |
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Ship Tracks in the North Pacific 04 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Ship tracks are visible in a marine cloud layer over the North Pacific Ocean on September 29, 2009. |
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Low Speed and High Speed Correlation of SMART Active Flap Rotor Loads 02 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Measured, open loop and closed loop data from the SMART rotor test in the NASA Ames 40- by 80- Foot Wind Tunnel are compared with CAMRAD II calculations. One open loop high-speed case and four closed loop cases are considered. The closed loop cases include three high-speed cases and one low-speed case.... |
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Lunar Meteoroid Impact Observations and the Flux of Kilogram-sized Meteoroids 02 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Lunar impact monitoring provides useful information about the flux of meteoroids in the tens of grams to kilograms size range. The large collecting area of the night side of the lunar disk, approximately 3.4x10(exp 6) sq km in our camera field-of-view, provides statistically significant counts of the meteoroids. Nearly 200 lunar impacts have been observed by our program in roughly 3.5 years.... |
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Analytic Modeling of Pressurization and Cryogenic Propellant 02 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: An analytic model for pressurization and cryogenic propellant conditions during all mission phases of any liquid rocket based vehicle has been developed and validated. The model assumes the propellant tanks to be divided into five nodes and also implements an empirical correlation for liquid stratification if desired. The five nodes include a tank wall node exposed to ullage gas, an ullage gas node, a saturated propellant vapor node at the liquid-vapor interface, a liquid node, and a tank wall node exposed to liquid.... |
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Yellow Rust Damages Crops in the Middle East 02 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory These vegetation maps show the impact of yellow rust, a fungus infection, on plants in Syria, Turkey, and Iraq in the spring of 2010. |
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Medical Operations Support for ISS Operations - The Role of the BME Operations Team Leads 01 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: This slide presentation reviews the role of the biomedical flight controllers (BMEs), and BME Operations Team Leads (OTLs) in providing medical support for personnel on the International Space Station. This presentation will concentrate on role of the BME OTLs, who provide the integration function across the integration function across all Crew Health Care System (CHeCS) disciplines for operational products and medical procedures.... |
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Manufacturing and Integration Status of the JWST OSIM Optical Simulator 01 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: OSIM is a full field, cryogenic, optical simulator of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Optical Telescope Element (OTE). It provides simulated point source/star images for optical performance testing of the JWST Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM). OSIM is currently being assembled at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC).... |
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Compact Radiative Control Structures for Millimeter Astronomy 01 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: We have designed, fabricated, and tested compact radiative control structures, including antireflection coatings and resonant absorbers, for millimeter through submillimeter wave astronomy. The antireflection coatings consist of micromachined single crystal silicon dielectric sub-wavelength honeycombs. The effective dielectric constant of the structures is set by the honeycomb cell geometry.... |
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Exploring Discretization Error in Simulation-Based Aerodynamic Databases 01 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: This work examines the level of discretization error in simulation-based aerodynamic databases and introduces strategies for error control. Simulations are performed using a parallel, multi-level Euler solver on embedded-boundary Cartesian meshes. Discretization errors in user-selected outputs are estimated using the method of adjoint-weighted residuals and we use adaptive mesh refinement to reduce these errors to specified tolerances.... |
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Ice Crystal Growth Rates Under Upper Troposphere Conditions 01 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Atmospheric conditions for growth of ice crystals (temperature and ice supersaturation) are often not well constrained and it is necessary to simulate such conditions in the laboratory to investigate such growth under well controlled conditions over many hours. The growth of ice crystals from the vapour in both prism and basal planes was observed at temperatures of -60 C and -70 C under ice supersaturation up to 100% (200% relative humidity) at pressures derived from the standard atmosphere in a static diffusion chamber. Crystals grew outward from a vertical glass filament, thickening in the basal plane by addition of macroscopic layers greater than 2 m, leading to growth in the prism plane by passing of successive layers conveniently viewed by time lapse video.... |
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Active Neutron and Gamma Ray Instrumentation for In Situ Planetary Science Applications 01 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The Pulsed Neutron Generator-Gamma Ray And Neutron Detectors (PNG-GRAND) experiment is an innovative application of the active neutron-gamma ray technology so successfully used in oil field well logging and mineral exploration on Earth. The objective of our active neutron-gamma ray technology program at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA-GSFC) is to bring the PNG-GRAND instrument to the point where it can be flown on a variety of surface lander or rover missions to the Moon, Mars, Menus, asteroids, comets and the satellites of the outer planets. Gamma-Ray Spectrometers (GRS) have been incorporated into numerous orbital planetary science missions and, especially its the case of the Mars Odyssey GRS, have contributed detailed maps of the elemental composition over the entire surface of Mars.... |
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A Two-Axis Direct Fluid Shear Stress Sensor 01 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: This innovation is a miniature or micro sized semiconductor sensor design that provides two axis direct non-intrusive measurement of skin friction or wall shear stress in fluid flow. The sensor is fabricated by micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) technology, enabling small size and low cost reproductions. The sensors have been fabricated by utilizing MEMS fabrication processes to bond a sensing element wafer to a fluid coupling wafer.... |
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Cast Glance Near Infrared Imaging Observations of the Space Shuttle During Hypersonic Re-Entry 01 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: High resolution calibrated infrared imagery of the Space Shuttle was obtained during hypervelocity atmospheric entries of the STS-119, STS-125 and STS128 missions and has provided information on the distribution of surface temperature and the state of the airflow over the windward surface of the Orbiter during descent. This data collect was initiated by NASA s Hypersonic Thermodynamic Infrared Measurements (HYTHIRM) team and incorporated the use of air- and land-based optical assets to image the Shuttle during atmospheric re-entry. The HYTHIRM objective is to develop and implement a set of mission planning tools designed to establish confidence in the ability of an existing optical asset to reliably acquire, track and return global quantitative surface temperatures of the Shuttle during entry.... |
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Tropospheric Airborne Meteorological Data Reporting (TAMDAR) Sensor Validation and Verification on National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Lockheed WP-3D Aircraft 01 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: As part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Aviation Safety and Security Program, the Tropospheric Airborne Meteorological Data Reporting project (TAMDAR) developed a low-cost sensor for aircraft flying in the lower troposphere. This activity was a joint effort with support from Federal Aviation Administration, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and industry. This paper reports the TAMDAR sensor performance validation and verification, as flown on board NOAA Lockheed WP-3D aircraft.... |
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Constellation Program Design Challenges as Opportunities for Educational Outreach- Lessons Learned 01 Jul 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The Texas Space Grant Consortium (TSGC) and the NASA Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD) Education Office both have programs that present design challenges for university senior design classes that offer great opportunities for educational outreach and workforce development. These design challenges have been identified by NASA engineers and scientists as actual design problems faced by the Constellation Program in its exploration missions and architecture. Student teams formed in their senior design class select and then work on a design challenge for one or two semesters.... |
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Hurricane Alex: First Atlantic Hurricane of 2010 01 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Hurricane Alex—2010’s first hurricane—sprawls across the Gulf of Mexico in this photo-like image from Wednesday, June 30, 2010. |
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Heavy Rain in Southern China 01 Jul 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory This color-coded image shows rainfall amounts from June 15–21, 2010. Pockets of very heavy rain occur roughly 250 kilometers inland, near Taiwan and the Vietnam border. |
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NASA Updates Shuttle Target Launch Dates For Final Two Flights 01 Jul 2010 - NASA Breaking News NASA is targeting approximately 4:33 p.m. EDT on Nov. 1 for the launch of space shuttle Discovery's STS-133 mission and 4:19 p.m. EST on Feb. 26, 2011, for the liftoff of shuttle Endeavour's STS-134 flight from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. |
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Topological Aspects of the FAITH Experiment 30 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: This slide presentation reviews the following issues (1) What is relationship between surface pressure extrema and singular points? (2) Does every singular point in a pattern of skin friction lines occur at a surface pressure extremum? (and/or vice versa?) (3) Can this relationship be generalized to all geometries? (4) FAITH Project (5) Ongoing effort at NASA Ames Experimental AeroPhysics Branch (6) Multi-parameter wind tunnel investigation of flow around obstacle (7) Acquire data for CFD validation, optimization and (8) Relationship between FAITH and topology projects... |
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NDARC-NASA Design and Analysis of Rotorcraft Theoretical Basis and Architecture 30 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The theoretical basis and architecture of the conceptual design tool NDARC (NASA Design and Analysis of Rotorcraft) are described. The principal tasks of NDARC are to design (or size) a rotorcraft to satisfy specified design conditions and missions, and then analyze the performance of the aircraft for a set of off-design missions and point operating conditions. The aircraft consists of a set of components, including fuselage, rotors, wings, tails, and propulsion.... |
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Diagnosis and Reconfiguration using Bayesian Networks: An Electrical Power System Case Study 30 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Automated diagnosis and reconfiguration are important computational techniques that aim to minimize human intervention in autonomous systems. In this paper, we develop novel techniques and models in the context of diagnosis and reconfiguration reasoning using causal Bayesian networks (BNs). We take as starting point a successful diagnostic approach, using a static BN developed for a real-world electrical power system.... |
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Heat Island Mitigation Measures in Response to Climate Change Impacts 30 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: This slide presentation examines the effect of cities, the accompanying heat island effect, and other impacts that urbanization has had on the environment. Various satellite views of several urban areas are shown.... |
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An Examination of the Hadley Sea-Surface Temperature Time Series for the Nino 3.4 Region 30 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The Hadley sea-surface temperature (HadSST) dataset is investigated for the interval 1871-2008. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the degree of success in identifying and characterizing El Nino (EN) southern (ENSO) extreme events, both EN and La Nina (LN) events. Comparisons are made against both the Southern Oscillation Index for the same time interval and with published values of the Oceanic Nino Index for the interval since 1950.... |
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Flooding on the James River, South Dakota 30 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Acquired June 24, 2010, this natural-color image shows the swollen James River covering normally dry land in the river valley. |
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Earth Observatory selected images available in Google Earth *BETA* 30 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Over 700 selected images from the Earth Observatory are now available as a layer in Google Earth. We are always experimenting with ways to present the vast array of resources that are in the EO and this is our first foray into using Google Earth as a browse tool. Please let us know what you think. |
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Phytoplankton Bloom off Iceland 30 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Shades of green and blue blend in subtle swirls in this photo-like image of a phytoplankton bloom off the west coast of Iceland taken on June 24, 2010. |
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Next International Space Station Residents Hold News Conference 30 Jun 2010 - NASA Breaking News The next trio of International Space Station residents will hold a news conference at 1 p.m. CDT on Tuesday, July 13, at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston. |
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NASA'S External Tank For Final Shuttle Flight Gets New Orleans Send-Off 30 Jun 2010 - NASA Breaking News NASA and Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company will hold a ceremony at 9 a.m. CDT on Thursday, July 8, at the agency's Michoud Assembly Facility in New Orleans. |
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Proceedings of the 40th Aerospace Mechanisms Symposium 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The Aerospace Mechanisms Symposium (AMS) provides a unique forum for those active in the design, production and use of aerospace mechanisms. A major focus is the reporting of problems and solutions associated with the development and flight certification of new mechanisms. Organized by the Mechanisms Education Association, responsibility for hosting the AMS is shared by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company (LMSSC).... |
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Miniaturized Single-Shot Valve and its Application to the ExoMars Pasteur Payload 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Hermetically sealing a gas tank and opening it into tubing under telecommand control is a function required in various space instruments. There are a number of space valves that are power saving, withstand vibration, and do not contaminate the gas. But none of them combines these features with low mass and the ability to withstand temperatures of 130 C during the sterilization process mandatory for planetary missions.... |
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MoS2-Filled PEEK Composite as a Self-Lubricating Material for Aerospace Applications 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: At BAM, several projects were conducted in the past years dealing with the tribological properties of friction couples at cryogenic temperature and in vacuum environment. Promising candidates for vacuum application are MoS2-filled PEEK/PTFE composites, which showed a friction coefficient as low as 0.03 in high vacuum. To complete the tribological profile of these composites, further tests were performed in ultra-high vacuum (UHV) at room temperature.... |
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Evolution of the IBDM Structural Latch Development into a Generic Simplified Design 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: This paper presents the evolution in the development of the structural latch for the International Berthing Docking Mechanism (IBDM, see Figure 1). It reports on the lessons learned since completion of the test program on the engineering development unit of the first generation latching system in 2007. The initial latch design has been through a second generation concept in 2008, and now evolved into a third generation of this mechanism.... |
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Design and Manufacture of a Highly Reliable, Miniaturized and Low Mass Shutter Mechanism 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: This paper describes the development, manufacturing and testing of a lightweight shutter mechanism made of titanium for the MERTIS Instrument. MERTIS is a thermal infrared imaging spectrometer onboard ESA's future BepiColombo mission to Mercury. The mechanism is built as a parallelogram arrangement of flexible hinges, actuated by a voice coil.... |
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Nickel-Titanium Alloys: Corrosion 'Proof' Alloys for Space Bearing, Components and Mechanism Applications 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: An intermetallic nickel-titanium alloy, 60NiTi (60wt%Ni, 40wt%Ti), is shown to be a promising candidate tribological material for space mechanisms. 60NiTi offers a broad combination of physical properties that make it unique among bearing materials. 60NiTi is hard, electrically conductive, highly corrosion resistant, readily machined prior to final heat treatment, and is non-magnetic. Despite its high titanium content, 60NiTi is non-galling even under dry sliding. No other bearing alloy, metallic or ceramic, encompasses all of these attributes.... |
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Development of the Upgraded DC Brush Gear Motor for Spacebus Platforms 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The obsolescence of materials and processes used in the manufacture of traditional DC brush gear motors has necessitated the development of an upgraded DC brush gear motor (UBGM). The current traditional DC brush gear motor (BGM) design was evaluated using Six-Sigma process to identify potential design and production process improvements. The development effort resulted in a qualified UBGM design which improved manufacturability and reduced production costs.... |
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Development of an Actuator for Ambient to Cryo Application 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: During the qualification campaign of the NIRSpec Instrument Mechanism, the actuator could not achieve the expected life time which was extended during the development phase. The initial design could not be adapted to the requested number of revolutions during that phase. Consequently the actuator needed to be modified such that the function of the mechanism would not be endangered and thus the overall function of the NIRSpec instrument.... |
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An Evaluation of Liquid, Solid, and Grease Lubricants for Space Mechanisms Using a Spiral Orbit Tribometer 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: We present the findings of the test program performed by The European Space Tribology Laboratory (ESTL) to evaluate the performance (friction and lifetime) of a number of space lubricants under vacuum using a Spiral Orbit Tribometer (SOT). Focus was given to a comparison of various popular space oils, a comparison study between the old and new MAPLUB grease formulations, and the performance of commonly used solid lubricants under various conditions. Tests demonstrated that the lifetimes of hydrocarbon NYE oils 2001 & 2001A outperformed those of the perfluroropolyalkylether (PFPE) oils Fomblin Z25 & Z60, though these pairs displayed similar behavior.... |
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Refined Gearbox Design for the Chariot Lunar Rover 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: In planning for NASA's return to the moon by the year 2020, the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) designed and built a lunar concept vehicle called Chariot. Slightly larger than a pickup truck, it was designed to demonstrate similar utilitarian functions, but with twelve wheels for redundancy, reliability, and reduced surface contact pressure. JSC designed a motor gearbox to drive each of Chariot s six wheel pods.... |
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Mars Science Laboratory CHIMRA: A Device for Processing Powdered Martian Samples 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The CHIMRA is an extraterrestrial sample acquisition and processing device for the Mars Science Laboratory that emphasizes robustness and adaptability through design configuration. This work reviews the guidelines utilized to invent the initial CHIMRA and the strategy employed in advancing the design; these principles will be discussed in relation to both the final CHIMRA design and similar future devices. The computational synthesis necessary to mature a boxed-in impact-generating mechanism will be presented alongside a detailed mechanism description.... |
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Concept, Design, and Prototyping of XSAS: A High Power Extendable Solar Array for CubeSat Applications 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: CubeSats have proven themselves as a reliable and cost-effective method to perform experiments in space, but they are highly constrained by their specifications and size. One such constraint is the average continuous power, about 5 W, which is available to the typical CubeSat. To improve this constraint, we have developed the eXtendable Solar Array System (XSAS), a deployable solar array prototype in a CubeSat package, which can provide an average 23 W of continuous power.... |
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Mars Science Laboratory Sample Acquisition, Sample Processing and Handling: Subsystem Design and Test Challenges 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The Sample Acquisition/Sample Processing and Handling subsystem for the Mars Science Laboratory is a highly-mechanized, Rover-based sampling system that acquires powdered rock and regolith samples from the Martian surface, sorts the samples into fine particles through sieving, and delivers small portions of the powder into two science instruments inside the Rover. SA/SPaH utilizes 17 actuated degrees-of-freedom to perform the functions needed to produce 5 sample pathways in support of the scientific investigation on Mars. Both hardware redundancy and functional redundancy are employed in configuring this sampling system so some functionality is retained even with the loss of a degree-of-freedom.... |
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Fastener Capture Plate Technology to Contain On-Orbit Debris 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The Fastener Capture Plate technology was developed to solve the problem of capturing loose hardware and small fasteners, items that were not originally intended to be disengaged in microgravity, thus preventing them from becoming space debris. This technology was incorporated into astronaut tools designed and successfully used on NASA s Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission #4. The technology s ultimate benefit is that it allows a very time-efficient method for disengaging fasteners and removing hardware while minimizing the chances of losing parts or generating debris.... |
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Development of the Tri-ATHLETE Lunar Vehicle Prototype 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The Tri-ATHLETE (All Terrain Hex Limed Extra Terrestrial Explorer) vehicle is the second generation of a wheel-on-limb vehicle being developed to support the return of humans to the lunar surface. This paper describes the design, assembly, and test of the Tri-ATHLETE robotic system with a specific emphasis on the limb joint actuators. The design and implementation of the structural components is discussed, and a novel and low cost approach to approximating flight-like cabling is also presented.... |
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Mars Science Laboratory Drill 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The Drill for the Mars Science Laboratory mission is a rotary-percussive sample acquisition device with an emphasis on toughness and robustness to handle the harsh environment on Mars. The unique challenges associated with autonomous drilling from a mobile robot are addressed. A highly compressed development schedule dictated a modular design architecture that satisfies the functional and load requirements while allowing independent development and testing of the Drill subassemblies.... |
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Space Station Control Moment Gyroscope Lessons Learned 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Four 4760 Nms (3510 ft-lbf-s) Double Gimbal Control Moment Gyroscopes (DGCMG) with unlimited gimbal freedom about each axis were adopted by the International Space Station (ISS) Program as the non-propulsive solution for continuous attitude control. These CMGs with a life expectancy of approximately 10 years contain a flywheel spinning at 691 rad/s (6600 rpm) and can produce an output torque of 258 Nm (190 ft-lbf)1. One CMG unexpectedly failed after approximately 1.3 years and one developed anomalous behavior after approximately six years.... |
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Experimental Investigation of Forces Produced by Misaligned Steel Rollers 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The International Space Station Solar Alpha Rotary Joint (SARJ) uses a roller-based mechanism for positioning of the solar arrays. The forces and moments that develop at the roller interfaces are influenced by the design including the kinematic constraints and the lubrication condition. To help understand the SARJ operation, a set of dedicated experiments were completed using roller pairs.... |
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Qualification of a High Accuracy Dual-Axis Antenna Deployment and Trimming Mechanism 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The Antenna Deployment and Trimming Mechanism Mark 2 (ADTM Mk2) has been developed to answer today's need for a generic antenna deployment and high accuracy pointing mechanism, allowing RF sensing applications and easier dual deployments configurations. This paper presents the design and evolution from its predecessor, the experience of the design team from kick off to qualification and batch manufacture, as well as some lessons learned from ramping up 'mass-production' capabilities while implementing customer driven changes. Astrium has manufactured and flown ADTM units for the past 20 years, from an initial deployment-only mechanism developed for the Orion program to today's Eurostar E3000 ADTM family.... |
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Test Validation of the Repair to the Space Station Solar Alpha Rotary Joint 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The Solar Array Alpha Joint Lubrication Interval Test (SARJ LITE) test rig was built as a method to performance of the grease repair on the Starboard SARJ of the International Space Station was temporarily parked after receiving significant damage on one of its race ring lubrication (high dry contact friction) and unaccounted for roller traction flight-like roller bearings were preloaded and cycled on a nitrided 15-5 and with instrumentation monitoring performance, trending lubrication intervals for both Port and Starboard ISS SARJ?s. eliminating the high friction that contributed to the onorbit ... |
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A Novel Approach for a Low-Cost Deployable Antenna 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has designed, built, and fully qualified a low cost, low Passive Intermodulation (PIM) 12-foot (3.66-m) diameter deployable ultra high frequency (UHF) antenna for the Tacsat-4 program. The design utilized novel approaches in reflector material and capacitive coupling techniques. This paper discusses major design trades, unique design characteristics, and lessons learned from the development of the Tacsat 4 deployable antenna.... |
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A Completely New Type of Actuator -or- This Ain't Your Grandfather's Internal Combustion Engine 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: A completely new type of actuator - one that is proposed for use in a variety of environments from sea to land to air to space - has been designed, patented, built, and tested. The actuator is loosely based on the principle of the internal combustion engine, except that it is a completely closed system, only requiring electrical input, and the working fuel is water. This paper outlines the theory behind the electrolysis- and ignition-based cycle upon which the actuator operates and describes the performance capability test apparatus and results for the actuator.... |
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Development and Acceptance Testing of the Dual Wheel Mechanism for the Tunable Filter Imager Cryogenic Instrument on the JWST 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will carry four scientific instruments, one of which is the Tunable Filter Imager (TFI), which is an instrument within the Fine Guidance Sensor. The Dual Wheel (DW) mechanism is being designed, built and tested by COM DEV Ltd. under contract from the Canadian Space Agency. The DW mechanism includes a pupil wheel (PW) holding seven coronagraphic masks and two calibration elements and a filter wheel (FW) holding nine blocking filters.... |
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Gimbals Drive and Control Electronics Design, Development and Testing of the LRO High Gain Antenna and Solar Array Systems 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Launched June 18, 2009 on an Atlas V rocket, NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) is the first step in NASA's Vision for Space Exploration program and for a human return to the Moon. The spacecraft (SC) carries a wide variety of scientific instruments and provides an extraordinary opportunity to study the lunar landscape at resolutions and over time scales never achieved before. The spacecraft systems are designed to enable achievement of LRO's mission requirements.... |
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Lightweight Low Force Rotary Percussive Coring Tool for Planetary Applications 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: A prototype low-force rotary-percussive rock coring tool for use in acquiring samples for geological surveys in future planetary missions was developed. The coring tool could eventually enable a lightweight robotic system to operate from a relatively small (less than 200 kg) mobile or fixed platform to acquire and cache Mars or other planetary rock samples for eventual return to Earth for analysis. To gain insight needed to design an integrated coring tool, the coring ability of commercially available coring bits was evaluated for effectiveness of varying key parameters: weight-on-bit, rotation speed, percussive rate and force.... |
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Performance of Regolith Feed Systems for Analog Field Tests of In-Situ Resource Utilization Oxygen Production Plants in Mauna Kea, Hawaii 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: This paper focuses on practical aspects of mechanical auger and pneumatic regolith conveying system feeding In-Situ Resource Utilization Oxygen production plants. The subsystems of these feedstock delivery systems include an enclosed auger device, pneumatic venturi educator, jet-lift regolith transfer, innovative electro-cyclone gas-particle separation/filtration systems, and compressors capable of dealing with hot hydrogen and/or methane gas re-circulating in the system. Lessons learned from terrestrial laboratory, reduced gravity and field testing on Mauna Kea Volcano in Hawaii during NASA lunar analog field tests will be discussed and practical design tips will be presented.... |
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Preliminary Assessment of Seals for Dust Mitigation of Mechanical Components for Lunar Surface Systems 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Component tests were conducted on spring-loaded Teflon seals to determine their performance in keeping lunar simulant out of mechanical component gearbox, motor, and bearing housings. Baseline tests were run in a dry-room without simulant for 10,000 cycles to determine wear effects of the seal against either anodized aluminum or stainless steel shafts. Repeat tests were conducted using lunar simulants JSC-1A and LHT-2M. Finally, tests were conducted with and without simulant in vacuum at ambient temperature.... |
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Xatcobeo: Small Mechanisms for CubeSat Satellites - Antenna and Solar Array Deployment 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The Xatcobeo project, which includes the mechanisms dealt with here, is principally a university project to design and construct a CubeSat 1U-type satellite. This work describes the design and operational features of the system for antenna storage and deployment, and the design and simulations of the solar array deployment system. It explains the various problems faced and solutions adopted, with a view to providing valid data for any other applications that could find them useful, be they of a similar nature or not.... |
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A Coarse Pointing Assembly for Optical Communication 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: In the framework of a contract with the European Space Agency, RUAG Space are developing a Coarse Pointing Assembly for an Optical Communication Terminal with the goal to enable high-bandwidth data exchange between GEO and/or LEO satellites as well as to earth-bound ground stations. This paper describes some development and testing aspects of such a high precision opto-mechanical device, with emphasis on the influence of requirements on the final design, the usage of a Bearing Active Preload System, some of the lessons learned on the BAPS implementation, the selection of a flex print design as rotary harness and some aspects of functional and environmental testing.... |
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BESST: A Miniature, Modular Radiometer 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: A new radiometer assembly has been developed that incorporates modular design principles in order to provide flexibility and versatility. The assembly, shown in Figure 1, is made up of six modules plus a central cubical frame. A small thermal imaging detector is used to determine the temperature of remote objects.... |
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Design and Development of a Two-Axis Thruster Gimbal with Xenon Propellant Lines 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: A Two-Axis Thruster Gimbal was developed for a two degree-of-freedom tip-tilt gimbal application. This light weight gimbal mechanism is equipped with flexible xenon propellant lines and features numerous thermal control features for all its critical components. Unique thermal profiles and operating environments have been the key design drivers for this mechanism which is fully tolerant of extreme space environmental conditions.... |
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Gravity-Off-loading System for Large-Displacement Ground Testing of Spacecraft Mechanisms 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Gravity-off-loading of deployable spacecraft mechanisms during ground testing is a long-standing problem. Deployable structures which are usually too weak to support their own weight under gravity require a means of gravity-off-loading as they unfurl. Conventional solutions to this problem have been helium-filled balloons or mechanical pulley/counterweight systems.... |
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Scanning Mechanism of the FY-3 Microwave Humidity Sounder 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Astrium GmbH Germany, developed the scanning equipment for the instrument package of the MicroWave Humidity Sounder (MWHS) flying on the FY-3 meteorological satellite (FY means Feng Yun, Wind and Cloud) in a sun-synchronized orbit of 850-km altitude and at an inclination of 98.8 . The scanning mechanism rotates at variable velocity comprising several acceleration / deceleration phases during each revolution. The Scanning Mechanism contains two output shafts, each rotating a parabolic offset Antenna Reflector.... |
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Gossamer Technology to Deorbit LEO Non-Propulsion Fitted Satellite 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Since 2004, CNES has decided to apply the end of life Code of Conduct rules to debris mitigation. Originally drawn up by the main European space agencies, it contains basic rules to be applied in space in order to limit the increase of orbital debris. In low Earth orbit, the rule is to limit in-orbit lifetime to 25 years after the end of the operational mission, or else to transfer to a graveyard orbit above 2000 km.... |
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Development of a Solar Array Drive Assembly for CubeSat 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Small satellites and in particular CubeSats, have increasingly become more viable as platforms for payloads typically requiring much larger bus structures. As advances in technology make payloads and instruments for space missions smaller, lighter and more power efficient, a niche market is emerging from the university community to perform rapidly developed, low-cost missions on very small spacecraft - micro, nano, and picosatellites. In just the last few years, imaging, biological and new technology demonstration missions have been either proposed or have flown using variations of the CubeSat structure as a basis.... |
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Static Load Distribution in Ball Bearings 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: A numerical procedure for computing the internal loading distribution in statically loaded, single-row, angular-contact ball bearings when subjected to a known combined radial and thrust load is presented. The combined radial and thrust load must be applied in order to avoid tilting between inner and outer rings. The numerical procedure requires the iterative solution of Z + 2 simultaneous nonlinear equations - where Z is the number of the balls - to yield an exact solution for axial and radial deflections, and contact angles.... |
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A3 Altitude Test Facility 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: This slide presentation shows drawings, diagrams and photographs of the A3 Altitude Test Facility. It includes a review of the A3 Facility requirements, and drawings of the various sections of the facility including Engine Deck and Superstructure, Test Cell and Thrust Takeout, Structure and Altitude Support Systems, Chemical Steam generators, and the subscale diffuser. There are also pictures of the construction site, and the facility under construction.... |
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Population Analysis: Communicating About Anthropometry in Context 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: This slide presentation reviews the importance of communications about anthropometry and population analysis in particular for the design of aerospace systems. The difficulty of providing anthropometric accomodation an entire range of the population is reviewed, and the importance of communication of the issues with human system integration is emphasized, and the analysis of population as it applies to existing human factors methodologies is a novel way to assist with the communication. The issues of space suit design and anthropometry is reviewed as an example.... |
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Memories and NASA Spacecraft: A Description of Memories, Radiation Failure Modes, and System Design Considerations 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: As NASA has evolved it's usage of spaceflight computing, memory applications have followed as well. In this slide presentation, the history of NASA's memories from magnetic core and tape recorders to current semiconductor approaches is discussed. There is a brief description of current functional memory usage in NASA space systems followed by a description of potential radiation-induced failure modes along with considerations for reliable system design.... |
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Mission Performance of the GLAS Thermal Control System - 7 Years In Orbit 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: ICESat (Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite) was launched in 2003 carrying a single science instrument - the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS). Its primary mission was to measure polar ice thickness. The GLAS thermal control architecture utilized propylene Loop Heat Pipe (LHP) technology to provide selectable and stable temperature control for the lasers and other electronics over a widely varying mission thermal environment.... |
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Overview of Carbon Dioxide Control Issues During International Space Station/Space Shuttle Joint Docked Operations 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Crewed space vehicles have a common requirement to remove the carbon dioxide (CO2) created by the metabolic processes of the crew. The space shuttle [Space Transportation System (STS)] and International Space Station (ISS) each have systems in place that allow control and removal of CO2 from the habitable cabin environment. During periods in which the space shuttle is docked to the ISS, known as 'joint docked operations,' the space shuttle and ISS share a common atmosphere environment.... |
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Investigation of Transient Performance for a Sublimator 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Sublimators have been used as heat rejection devices for a variety of space applications including the Apollo Lunar Module and the Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU). Sublimators typically operate with steady-state feedwater utilization at or near 100 %. However, Sublimators are currently being considered to operate in a cyclical topping mode during low lunar orbit for Altair and possibly Orion.... |
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International Space Station Environmental Control and Life Support System Status: 2009 - 2010 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The International Space Station (ISS) Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) system includes regenerative and non -regenerative technologies that provide the basic life support functions to support the crew, while maintaining a safe and habitable shirtsleeve environment. This paper provides a summary of the U.S. ECLS system activities over the past year, covering the period of time between March 2009 and February 2010. The ISS continued permanent crew operations, with the start of Phase 3 of the ISS Assembly Sequence and an increase of the ISS crew size from three to six.... |
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Distributed Impact Detector System (DIDS) Health Monitoring System Evaluation 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Damage due to impacts from micrometeoroids and orbital debris is one of the most significant on-orbit hazards for spacecraft. Impacts to thermal protection systems must be detected and the damage evaluated to determine if repairs are needed to allow safe re-entry. To address this issue for the International Space Station Program, Langley Research Center and Johnson Space Center technologists have been working to develop and implement advanced methods for detecting impacts and resultant leaks.... |
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Problem Reporting Taxonomy and Data Preparation Tool Evaluation 29 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: A member of the NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC) Systems Engineering Office (SEO) Technical Discipline Team (TDT) requested a SEO-managed activity to perform a gap analysis on the proposed NASA Standard 0006, 'Common NASA Taxonomy for Problem Reporting, Analysis, and Resolution', and to create an input filter and set of instructions for using the data-mining/data-cleansing tool TechOasis1 with Space Shuttle Program (SSP) problem reporting data. The work that achieved these objectives and deployment of TechOasis are discussed in this report.... |
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Hurricanes Celia and Darby 29 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Composed from two separate satellite passes, this natural-color image shows Category 4 Celia in the west and Category 3 Darby in the east. |
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Smoke from Fires in Canada 29 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory A thick, gray-brown cloud of smoke stretches across hundreds of kilometers over Canada’s Northwest Territories, Alberta, and Saskatchewan in this image from June 26, 2010. |
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Oil Slick Around Mississippi Barrier Islands 29 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory On June 26, 2010, oil was visible in the waters surrounding Horn and Petit Bois Islands, 2 of the 7 islands in Mississippi and Florida that are part of the Gulf Islands National Seashore. |
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NASA Issues Broad Agency Announcement For Heavy Lift Studies 29 Jun 2010 - NASA Breaking News NASA has issued a Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) seeking proposals and industry input on heavy-lift system concepts and propulsion technology. |
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SSC Test Operations Contract Overview 28 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: This slide presentation reviews the Test Operations Contract at the Stennis Space Center (SSC). There are views of the test stands layouts, and closer views of the test stands. There are descriptions of the test stand capabilities, some of the other test complexes, the Cryogenic propellant storage facility, the High Pressure Industrial Water (HPIW) facility, and Fluid Component Processing Facility (FCPF).... |
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Blade Deflection Measurements of a Full-Scale UH-60A Rotor System 28 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Blade deflection (BD) measurements using stereo photogrammetry have been made during the individual blade control (IBC) testing of a UH-60A 4-bladed rotor system in the 40 by 80-foot test section of the National Full-Scale Aerodynamic Complex (NFAC). Measurements were made in quadrants one and two, encompassing advance ratios from 0.15 to 0.40, thrust coefficient/solidities from 0.05 to 0.12 and rotor-system drive shaft angles from 0.0 to -9.6 deg. The experiment represents a significant step toward providing benchmark databases to be utilized by theoreticians in the development and validation of rotorcraft prediction techniques.... |
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The Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) Mission 28 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) is a Lunar science orbiter mission currently under development to address the goals of the National Research Council decadal surveys and the recent 'Scientific Context for Exploration of the Moon' (SCEM) [1] report to study the pristine state of the lunar atmosphere and dust environment prior to significant human activities. LADEE will determine the composition of the lunar atmosphere and investigate the processes that control its distribution and variability, including sources, sinks, and surface interactions. LADEE will also determine whether dust is present in the lunar exosphere, and reveal the processes that contribute to its sources and variability.... |
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Global Trends in Space Access and Utilization 28 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: In the not-so-distant past, space access and air/space technology superiority were within the purview of the U.S. and former Soviet Union's respective space agencies, both vying for global leadership in space exploitation. In more recent years, with the emergence of the European Space Agency (ESA) member countries and Asian countries joining the family of space-faring nations, it is truer now more than ever that space access and utilization has become a truly global enterprise. In fact, according to the Space Report 2007, this enterprise is a $251-billion economy.... |
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Sunrise to Sunset aboard the Space Station 28 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory This sequence of time-lapse photographs illustrates roughly half an orbit of the International Space Station, from Northern Europe to Australia. |
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Tropical Storm Alex 28 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Acquired June 26, 2010, this natural-color image shows Tropical Storm Alex over Central America. |
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NASA and International Space Agencies Meet to Discuss Human and Robotic Space Exploration 28 Jun 2010 - NASA Breaking News NASA senior managers met with their counterparts representing other space agencies at the National Harbor, Md., on June 23, to discuss globally-coordinated human and robotic space exploration. |
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NASA Plays Key Exploration Role In New Administration Space Policy 28 Jun 2010 - NASA Breaking News NASA Plays Key Exploration Role In New Administration Space Policy |
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NASA Invites Journalists, Video Game Experts To Review Online Game 28 Jun 2010 - NASA Breaking News News media and video game reviewers have an opportunity to preview a new NASA video game, Moonbase Alpha, in advance of its worldwide release. |
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NASA Awards Launch Services Contract for OCO-2 Mission 27 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory NASA has selected Orbital Sciences Corp. of Dulles, Va., to launch the JPL-managed Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 mission, planned for launch in February 2013. |
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The Key Role of the Oceans' Subpolar Regions in the Climate Control of the Tropics is Confirmed 27 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Data obtained in the reconstruction of sea-surface temperatures show that the regions closer to the poles of both oceans have played a fundamental role in climate evolution in the tropics. (Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona press release) |
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Retooling the Ocean Conveyor Belt 27 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory In a paper in the June 18 issue of Science, a Duke University oceanographer reviews the growing body of evidence that suggests it's time to rethink the ocean conveyor belt model. (Duke University press release) |
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Oceanographers Call for More Ocean-Observing in Antarctica 27 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory In a paper in the June 18 issue of Science, a Duke University oceanographer reviews the growing body of evidence that suggests it's time to rethink the ocean conveyor belt model. (Rutgers University press release) |
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New Research Sheds Light on Antarctica's Melting Pine Island Glacier 27 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory New results from an investigation into Antarctica's potential contribution to sea level rise are reported in a new study. (British Antarctic Survey press release) |
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Climate Q&A: Has the Sun been more active in recent decades, and could it be responsible for... 27 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Scientists are still debating whether or not the Sun's activity increased during the latter half of the 20th century, but even the highest estimates of activity can't account for the warming observed since about 1950. |
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Updated -- World of Change: Solar Activity 27 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Images of sunspots and UV brightness document the 11-year cycle of solar magnetic activity. The series spans 1999–2010, capturing the most recent solar maximum and minimum, as well as the emergence of solar cycle 24. |
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Har Nuur, Mongolia 27 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Acquired June 12, 2010, this natural-color image shows camel-colored sand dunes marching past Mongolia’s Har Nuur. |
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NASA Radar Images Show How Mexico Quake Deformed Earth 27 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory NASA has released the first-ever airborne radar images of the deformation in Earth's surface caused by a major earthquake. |
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Adios El Niño, Hello La Niña? 27 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory The moderate El Niño of the past year has officially bowed out, leaving his cool sister, La Niña, poised to potentially take the equatorial stage. |
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Toward Right-Fidelity Rotorcraft Conceptual Design 25 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The aviation Advanced Design Office (ADO) of the US Army Aeroflightdynamics Directorate (AMRDEC) performs conceptual design of advanced Vertical Takeoff and Landing (VTOL) concepts in support of the Army's development and acquisition of new aviation systems. In particular, ADO engages in system synthesis to assess the impact of new technologies and their application to satisfy emerging warfighter needs and requirements. Fundamental to ADO being successful in accomplishing its role; is the ability to evaluate a wide array of proposed air vehicle concepts, and independently synthesize new concepts to inform Army and DoD decision makers about the tradespace in which decisions will be made (Figure 1).... |
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Spectroscopic Observation of the Stardust Re-Entry in the Near UV with SLIT: Deduction of Surface Temperatures and Plasma Radiation 25 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Thermal radiation of the heat-shield and the emission of the post-shock layer around the Stardust capsule, during its re-entry, were detected by a NASA-led observation campaign aboard NASA's DC-8 airborne observatory involving teams from several nations. The German SLIT experiment used a conventional spectrometer, in a Czerny-Turner configuration (300 mm focal length and a 600 lines/mm grating), fed by fiber optics, to cover a wavelength range from 324 nm to 456 nm with a pixel resolution of 0.08 nm. The reentering spacecraft was tracked m uansuinaglly a camera with a view angle of 20 degrees, and light from the capsule was collected using a small mirror telescope with a view angle of only 0.45 degrees.... |
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Geologist Investigates Canyon Carved in Just 3 Days in Texas Flood 25 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory According to a new analysis, heavy rains in Central Texas formed a canyon in just three days. (California Institute of Technology press release) |
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Ocean Stirring and Plankton Patchiness 25 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Computer simulations show how oceanic stirring and mixing influence the formation and dynamics of plankton patches in the upper ocean. (National Oceanography Centre, Southampton press release) |
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Researchers Discover Source of Essential Nutrients for Mid-Ocean Algae 25 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Oceanographers show that mid-ocean algae obtain nitrate from deep water, which could help scientists predict how open-ocean ecosystems could respond to global warming. (Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute press release) |
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Scientist Links Increase in Greenhouse Gases to Changes in Ocean Currents 25 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory By examining 800,000-year-old polar ice, scientists increasingly are learning how the climate has changed since the last ice melt and that carbon dioxide has become more abundant in the Earth's atmosphere. (University of Tennessee at Knoxville press release) |
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Global Temperature Anomalies, May 2010 25 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory This color-coded map shows global temperatures for May 2010. Although cool conditions prevailed in some heavily populated areas, warm conditions predominated, especially near the poles. |
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Hurricane Darby 25 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Acquired June 23, 2010, this natural-color image shows Darby just off the coasts of Mexico and Guatemala. |
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Space Station Crew Vehicle Will Move June 28 for Cargo Ship Arrival 25 Jun 2010 - NASA Breaking News NASA Television will broadcast live the repositioning of a Soyuz spacecraft docked to the International Space Station on Monday, June 28. |
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NASA Retires First Data Relay Satellite After Stellar Career 25 Jun 2010 - NASA Breaking News After a long and successful career providing communications support, NASA's groundbreaking Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS) 1 is retiring. |
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NASA Awards Space Station Mission Integration Contract 25 Jun 2010 - NASA Breaking News NASA Awards Space Station Mission Integration Contract |
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Statistical Short-Range Guidance for Peak Wind Forecasts on Kennedy Space Center/Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Phase III 24 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: This final report describes the development of a peak wind forecast tool to assist forecasters in determining the probability of violating launch commit criteria (LCC) at Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS). The peak winds are an important forecast element for both the Space Shuttle and Expendable Launch Vehicle (ELV) programs. The LCC define specific peak wind thresholds for each launch operation that cannot be exceeded in order to ensure the safety of the vehicle.... |
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ISS Expeditions 16 through 20: Chemical Analysis Results for Potable Water 24 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: During the 2-year span from Expedition 16 through Expedition 20, the chemical quality of the potable water onboard the International Space Station (ISS) was verified safe for crew consumption through the return and chemical analysis of archival water samples by the Water and Food Analytical Laboratory (WAFAL) at Johnson Space Center (JSC). Reclaimed cabin humidity condensate and Russian ground-supplied water were the principal sources of potable water for Expeditions 16 through 18. During Expedition 18 the U.S. water processor assembly was delivered, installed, and tested during a 90-day checkout period.... |
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TERRA Battery Thermal Control Anomaly - Simulation and Corrective Actions 24 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The TERRA spacecraft was launched in December 1999 from Vandenberg Air Force Base, becoming the flagship of NASA's Earth Observing System program to gather data on how the planet's processes create climate. Originally planned as a 5 year mission, it still provides valuable science data after nearly 10 years on orbit. On October 13th, 2009 at 16:23z following a routine inclination maneuver, TERRA experienced a battery cell failure and a simultaneous failure of several battery heater control circuits used to maintain cell temperatures and gradients within the battery.... |
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21st Century Connections: Making Sense of Social Media Tools 24 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Twitter? Blog? Facebook?... |
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Assessing the Fire Risk for a Historic Hangar 24 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) is evaluating options of reuse of its historic Hangar 1. As a part of this evaluation, a qualitative fire risk assessment study was performed to evaluate the potential threat of combustion of the historic hangar. The study focused on the fire risk trade-off of either installing or not installing a Special Hazard Fire Suppression System in the Hangar 1 deck areas.... |
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Transition Experiments on Blunt Bodies with Isolated Roughness Elements in Hypersonic Free Flight 24 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Smooth titanium hemispheres with isolated three-dimensional (3D) surface roughness elements were flown in the NASA Ames hypersonic ballistic range through quiescent CO2 and air environments. Global surface intensity (temperature) distributions were optically measured and thermal wakes behind individual roughness elements were analyzed to define tripping effectiveness. Real-gas Navier-Stokes calculations of model flowfields, including laminar boundary layer development in these flowfields, were conducted predict key dimensionless parameters used to correlate transition on blunt bodies in hypersonic flow.... |
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A Review of Aerothermal Modeling for Mars Entry Missions 24 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The current status of aerothermal analysis for Mars entry missions is reviewed. The aeroheating environment of all Mars missions to date has been dominated by convective heating. Two primary uncertainties in our ability to predict forebody convective heating are turbulence on a blunt lifting cone and surface catalysis in a predominantly CO2 environment.... |
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Modified Adaptive Control for Region 3 Operation in the Presence of Wind Turbine Structural Modes 24 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Many challenges exist for the operation of wind turbines in an efficient manner that is reliable and avoids component fatigue and failure. Turbines operate in highly turbulent environments resulting in aerodynamic loads that can easily excite turbine structural modes, possibly causing component fatigue and failure. Wind turbine manufacturers are highly motivated to reduce component fatigue and failure that can lead to loss of revenue due to turbine down time and maintenance costs.... |
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Developing Large-Scale Bayesian Networks by Composition: Fault Diagnosis of Electrical Power Systems in Aircraft and Spacecraft 24 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the use of Bayesian networks to construct large-scale diagnostic systems. In particular, we consider the development of large-scale Bayesian networks by composition. This compositional approach reflects how (often redundant) subsystems are architected to form systems such as electrical power systems.... |
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NDARC NASA Design and Analysis of Rotorcraft 24 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The NASA Design and Analysis of Rotorcraft (NDARC) software is an aircraft system analysis tool intended to support both conceptual design efforts and technology impact assessments. The principal tasks are to design (or size) a rotorcraft to meet specified requirements, including vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) operation, and then analyze the performance of the aircraft for a set of conditions. For broad and lasting utility, it is important that the code have the capability to model general rotorcraft configurations, and estimate the performance and weights of advanced rotor concepts.... |
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Adios El Nino, Hello La Nina? 24 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory A strip of cold water hugging the equator in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean in mid-June may foreshadow a transition from El Niño to La Niña conditions |
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Tropical Storm Darby 24 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Acquired June 22, 2010, this natural-color image shows Darby just off the west coast of Central America. |
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Deadly Floods in Brazil 24 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory This color-coded map shows rainfall anomalies for northeastern Brazil from June 7 to June 20, 2010. |
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Space Economic Task Force Seeks Florida Public Comments 24 Jun 2010 - NASA Breaking News The Task Force on Space Industry Workforce and Economic Development has launched an interactive website to encourage public comment on ways to promote economic growth and sustainability in Florida's Space Coast region as it adapts to changes in America's space program. |
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Lofts In Space: NASA Challenges College Students To Design Inflatable Space Habitats 24 Jun 2010 - NASA Breaking News NASA is challenging college students to design concepts for inflatable habitat lofts for the next generation of space explorers. |
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Plasma IMS Composition Measurements for Europa and the Other Galilean Moons 23 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: NASA and ESA are planning the joint Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM) to the Jupiter system with specific emphasis to Europa and Ganymede, respectively. The Japanese Space Agency is also planning an orbiter mission to explore Jupiter's magnetosphere and the Galilean satellites. For NASA's Jupiter Europa Orbiter (JEO) we are developing the 3D Ion Mass Spectrometer (IMS) with two main goals which can also be applied to the other Galilean moons, 1) measure the plasma interaction between Europa and Jupiter's magnetosphere and 2) infer the 4 pi surface composition to trace elemental and significant isotopic levels.... |
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Reliability of a Test Battery Designed for Quickly and Safely Assessing Diverse Indices of Neuromuscular Function 23 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Spaceflight affects nearly every physiological system. Spaceflight-induced alterations in physiological function translate to decrements in functional performance. Purpose: To develop a test battery for quickly and safely assessing diverse indices of neuromuscular performance.... |
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STS 130 Return Samples: Assessment of Air Quality Aboard the Shuttle (STS-130) and International Space Station (20A) 23 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The toxicological assessments of 3 grab sample canisters (GSCs) from the Shuttle are reported in Table 1. Analytical methods have not changed from earlier reports. The recoveries of the 3 surrogates ( 13C-acetone, fluorobenzene, and chlorobenzene) from the 3 Shuttle GSCs averaged 96, 90, and 85 %, respectively.... |
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Monitoring Coastal Marshes for Persistent Flooding and Salinity Stress 23 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Our objective is to provide NASA remote sensing products that provide inundation and salinity information on an ecosystem level to support habitat switching models. Project born out of need by the Coastal Restoration Monitoring System (CRMS), joint effort by Louisiana Department of Natural Resources and the U.S. Geological Survey, for information on persistence of flooding by storm surge and other flood waters. The results of the this work support the habitat-switching modules in the Coastal Louisiana Ecosystem Assessment and Restoration (CLEAR) model, which provides scientific evaluation for restoration management.... |
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Feasibility of Estimating Relative Nutrient Contributions of Agriculture and Forests Using MODIS Time Series 23 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Around the Gulf of Mexico, high-input crops in several regions make a significant contribution to nutrient loading of small to medium estuaries and to the near-shore Gulf. Some crops cultivated near the coast include sorghum in Texas, rice in Texas and Louisiana, sugarcane in Florida and Louisiana, citrus orchards in Florida, pecan orchards in Mississippi and Alabama, and heavy sod and ornamental production around Mobile and Tampa Bay. In addition to crops, management of timberlands in proximity to the coasts also plays a role in nutrient loading.... |
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NASA Risk-Informed Decision Making Handbook 23 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: This handbook provides guidance for conducting risk-informed decision making in the context of NASA risk management (RM), with a focus on the types of direction-setting key decisions that are characteristic of the NASA program and project life cycles, and which produce derived requirements in accordance with existing systems engineering practices that flow down through the NASA organizational hierarchy. The guidance in this handbook is not meant to be prescriptive. Instead, it is meant to be general enough, and contain a sufficient diversity of examples, to enable the reader to adapt the methods as needed to the particular decision problems that he or she faces.... |
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Integration of In-Situ Resource Utilization Into Lunar/Mars Exploration Through Field Analogs 23 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The NASA project to develop In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) technologies, in partnership with commercial and international collaborators, has achieved full system demonstrations of oxygen production using native regolith simulants. These demonstrations included robotic extraction of material from the terrain, sealed encapsulation of material in a pressurized reactor; chemical extraction of oxygen from the material in the form of water, and the electrolysis of water into oxygen and hydrogen for storage and reuse. These successes have provided growing confidence in the prospects of ISRU oxygen production as a credible source for critical mission consumables in preparation for and during crewed missions to the moon and other destinations.... |
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Design of Structurally Efficient Tapered Struts (SETS) 23 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: A study was conducted to develop mass efficient composite struts. A closed-form design methodology for composite struts was developed using well established analyses to predict Euler buckling, local wall buckling; compression strength, damage tolerance, and interlaminar shear at geometric gradients. The methodology was coded in a spreadsheet suitable for convenient and rapid sizing of tapered composite struts.... |
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Hurricane Celia 23 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Acquired June 21, 2010, this natural-color image shows Celia west of Central America. |
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Flooding along the Missouri River 23 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Acquired June 19, 2010, this natural-color image shows flooding along the banks of the Missouri River near the town of Glasgow. |
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Schultz Fire North of Flagstaff, AZ 23 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory The Schultz Fire north of Flagstaff was actively burning on both the northern and southern sections of its perimeter on June 21, 2010. |
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Zoom lens. Planets like Pandora may be ready for their close-up. 23 Jun 2010 - PlanetQuest - the Search for Another Earth - Copyright 2008 Many scientists speculate that the galaxy could be full of places like Pandora from the movie 'Avatar' -- Earth-like worlds in solar systems besides our own. |
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NASA Astronaut T.J. Creamer Available for TV Interviews on Challenges of Living and Working Aboard the Space Station 23 Jun 2010 - NASA Breaking News After more than five months living aboard the International Space Station, NASA astronaut T.J. Creamer will be available for satellite interviews from Houston between 6 a.m. and 8 a.m. CDT on Wednesday, June 30. |
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NASA Awards Contract Modification To EG&G Technical Services 23 Jun 2010 - NASA Breaking News NASA has extended the agency's Marshall Space Flight Center operations support services contract with EG&G Technical Services of Austin, Texas. |
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Assessment of Tropical Cyclone Induced Transgression of the Chandeleur Islands for Restoration and Wildlife Management 22 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Barrier Islands are the first line of defense against tropical storms and hurricanes for coastal areas. Historically, tropical cyclonic events have had a great impact on the transgression of barrier islands, especially the Chandeleur Island chain off the eastern coast of Louisiana. These islands are of great importance, aiding in the protection of southeastern Louisiana from major storms, providing habitat for nesting and migratory bird species, and are part of the second oldest wildlife refuge in the country.... |
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Phase I for the Use of TOPEX-Poseidon and Jason-1 Radar Altimetry to Monitor Coastal Wetland Inundation and Sea Level Rise in Coastal Louisiana 22 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The objective of the first phase of this project was to determine the feasibility of applying satellite altimetry data to monitor sea level rise and inundation within coastal Louisiana. Global sea level is rising, and coastal Louisiana is subsiding. Therefore, there is a need to monitor these trends over time for coastal restoration and hazard mitigation efforts.... |
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Coastal Online Analysis and Synthesis Tool 2.0 (COAST) 22 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The Coastal Online Assessment and Synthesis Tool (COAST) 3D geobrowser has been developed to integrate disparate coastal datasets from NASA and other sources into a desktop tool that provides new data visualization and analysis capabilities for coastal researchers, managers, and residents. It is built upon the widely used NASA-developed open source World Wind geobrowser from NASA Ames (Patrick Hogan et al.) .Net and C# version is used for development. It is leveraged off of World Wind community shared code samples and COAST 2.0 enhancement direction is based on Coastal science community feedback and needs assessment (GOMA).... |
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Monitoring Coastal Marshes for Persistent Saltwater Intrusion 22 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Primary goal: Provide resource managers with remote sensing products that support ecosystem forecasting models requiring salinity and inundation data. Work supports the habitat-switching modules in the Coastal Louisiana Ecosystem Assessment and Restoration (CLEAR) model, which provides scientific evaluation for restoration management (Visser et al., 2008). Ongoing work to validate flooding with radar (NWRC/USGS) and enhance persistence estimates through 'fusion' of MODIS and Landsat time series (ROSES A.28 Gulf of Mexico).... |
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NASA Satellite Monitoring of Water Clarity in Mobile Bay for Nutrient Criteria Development 22 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: This project has demonstrated feasibility of deriving from MODIS daily measurements time series of water clarity parameters that provide coverage of a specific location or an area of interest for 30-50% of days. Time series derived for estuarine and coastal waters display much higher variability than time series of ecological parameters (such as vegetation indices) derived for land areas. (Temporal filtering often applied in terrestrial studies cannot be used effectively in ocean color processing). IOP-based algorithms for retrieval of diffuse light attenuation coefficient and TSS concentration perform well for the Mobile Bay environment: only a minor adjustment was needed in the TSS algorithm, despite generally recognized dependence of such algorithms on local conditions.... |
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Integrated System Health Management: Foundational Concepts, Approach, and Implementation 22 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: A sound basis to guide the community in the conception and implementation of ISHM (Integrated System Health Management) capability in operational systems was provided. The concept of 'ISHM Model of a System' and a related architecture defined as a unique Data, Information, and Knowledge (DIaK) architecture were described. The ISHM architecture is independent of the typical system architecture, which is based on grouping physical elements that are assembled to make up a subsystem, and subsystems combine to form systems, etc.... |
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Monitoring 2009 Forest Disturbance Across the Conterminous United States, Based on Near-Real Time and Historical MODIS 250 Meter NDVI Products 22 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: This case study shows the promise of computing current season forest disturbance detection products at regional to CONUS scales. Use of the eMODIS expedited product enabled a NRT CONUS forest disturbance detection product, a requirement for an eventual, operational forest threat EWS. The 2009 classification product from this study can be used to quantify the areal extent of forest disturbance across CONUS, although a quantitative accuracy assessment still needs to be completed. However, the results would not include disturbances that occurred after July 27, such as the Station Fire.... |
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Tropical Depression Blas 22 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Acquired June 20, 2010, this natural-color image shows Tropical Depression Blas just off the southern tip of Baja California. |
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Dust Storm in Sudan 22 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Tan clouds of dust blur the view of Sudan in this natural-color satellite image from June 19, 2010. |
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Saharan Dust over the Cape Verde Islands 22 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory A bulge of tan-orange dust hangs over the Cape Verde Islands and the Atlantic Ocean in this natural-color image captured on June 20, 2010. |
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NASA Hosts New Space Technology Industry Forum 22 Jun 2010 - NASA Breaking News NASA's Office of the Chief Technologist will host an industry forum July 13-14 to discuss the agency's proposed new space technology investments and announce three new Centennial Challenges prize competitions. |
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California Students Await Call From Space Station Crew 22 Jun 2010 - NASA Breaking News About 300 elementary students will be treated to a unique show and tell on June 23 when they speak with astronauts aboard the International Space Station. |
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NASA Administrator Bolden Named Champion Of Summer Learning 22 Jun 2010 - NASA Breaking News The National Summer Learning Association has recognized NASA Administrator Charles Bolden as a Champion of Summer Learning. |
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NASA Awards Launch Services Contract For OCO-2 Mission 22 Jun 2010 - NASA Breaking News NASA has selected Orbital Sciences Corp. of Dulles, Va., to launch the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) mission. |
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NASA Selects Wallops Flight Facility Range Operations Contractor 22 Jun 2010 - NASA Breaking News NASA has selected LJT & Associates Inc. in Columbia, Md., for the Range Operations Contract at the agency's Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia. |
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Considerations for a Proton Single Event Effects (SEE) Guideline 21 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The intent of this document is to provide guidance on when and what type of SEE tests should be performed on a device under test (DUT) based on orbit, technology, existing data, and application. It is NOT intended to provide a detailed guideline for how to perform proton SEE radiation tests on electronics.... |
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Synergism of Saturn, Enceladus and Titan and Formation of HCNO Exobiological Molecules 21 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Saturn as a system has two very exotic moons Titan and Enceladus. Titan with energy input from Saturn's magnetosphere, solar UV irradiation, and cosmic rays can make HCN based molecules as discussed in earlier paper by [1]. Space radiation effects at both moons, and as coupled by the Saturn magnetosphere could cause an unexpected series of events leading to the evolution of biological models at Titan composed of HCNO with oxygen as the new ingredient.... |
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Alternative Suspension System for Space Shuttle Avionics Shelf 21 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Engineers working in the Aerospace field under deadlines and strict budgets often miss the opportunity to design something that is considered new or innovative, favoring instead to use the tried-and-true design over those that may, in fact, be more efficient. This thesis examines an electronic equipment stowage shelf suspended from a frame in the cargo bay (mid fuselage) of the United States Space Transportation System (STS), the Space Shuttle, and 3 alternative designs. Four different designs are examined and evaluated.... |
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Predicting Failure Progression and Failure Loads in Composite Open-Hole Tension Coupons 21 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Failure types and failure loads in carbon-epoxy [45n/90n/-45n/0n]ms laminate coupons with central circular holes subjected to tensile load are simulated using progressive failure analysis (PFA) methodology. The progressive failure methodology is implemented using VUMAT subroutine within the ABAQUS(TradeMark)/Explicit nonlinear finite element code. The degradation model adopted in the present PFA methodology uses an instantaneous complete stress reduction (COSTR) approach to simulate damage at a material point when failure occurs.... |
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Epoxy/Glass and Polyimide (LaRC(TradeMark) PETI-8)/Carbon Fiber Metal Laminates Made by the VARTM Process 21 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Recent work at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) has concentrated on developing new polyimide resin systems for advanced aerospace applications that can be processed without the use of an autoclave. Polyimide composites are very attractive for applications that require a high strength to weight ratio and thermal stability. Vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) has shown the potential to reduce the manufacturing cost of composite structures.... |
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Copoly(Imide Siloxane) Abhesive Materials with Varied Siloxane Oligomer Length 21 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Incorporation of PDMS moieties into a polyimide matrix lowered the surface energy resulting in enhanced adhesive interactions. Polyimide siloxane materials were generated using amine-terminated PDMS oligomers of different lengths to study changes in surface migration behavior, phase segregation, mechanical, thermal, and optical properties. These materials were characterized using contact angle goniometry, tensile testing, and differential scanning calorimetry.... |
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Laser Surface Preparation for Adhesive Bonding of Ti-6Al-4V 21 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Adhesively bonded structures are potentially lighter in weight than mechanically fastened ones, but existing surface treatments are often considered unreliable. Two main problems in achieving reproducible and durable adhesive bonds are surface contamination and variability in standard surface preparation techniques. In this work three surface pretreatments were compared: laser etching with and without grit blasting and conventional Pasa-Jell treatment.... |
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High Temperature VARTM of Phenylethynyl Terminated Imides (PETI) Resins 21 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Fabrication of composite structures using vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) is generally more affordable than conventional autoclave techniques. Recent efforts have focused on adapting VARTM for the fabrication of high temperature composites. Due to their low melt viscosity and long melt stability, certain phenylethynyl terminated imides (PETI) can be processed into composites using high temperature VARTM (HT-VARTM).... |
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Quantifying Uncertainty in Projections of Stratospheric Ozone Over the 21st Century 21 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Future stratospheric ozone concentrations will be determined both by changes in the concentration of ozone depleting substances (ODSs) and by changes in stratospheric and tropospheric climate, including those caused by changes in anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs). Since future economic development pathways and resultant emissions of GHGs are uncertain, anthropogenic climate change could be a significant source of uncertainty for future projections of stratospheric ozone. In this pilot study, using an ensemble of opportunity of chemistry-climate model (CCM) simulations, the contribution of scenario uncertainty from different plausible emissions pathways for 10 ODSs and GHGs to future ozone projections is quantified relative to the contribution from model uncertainty and internal variability of the chemistry-climate system.... |
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Using Web 2.0 (and Beyond?) in Space Flight Operations Control Centers 21 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Word processing was one of the earliest uses for small workstations, but we quickly learned that desktop computers were far more than e-typewriters. Similarly, 'Web 2.0' capabilities, particularly advanced search engines, chats, wikis, blogs, social networking, and the like, offer tools that could significantly improve our efficiency at managing the avalanche of information and decisions needed to operate space vehicles in realtime. However, could does not necessarily equal should.... |
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An Approach to Designing Passive Self-Leveling Landing Gear with Application to the Lunar Lander 21 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Once the lunar lander has touched down on the moon problems can occur if the crew module is not level. To mitigate, compliant landing gear provide a solution that would allow the module to be leveled once it has landed on some ground slope. The work presented here uses compliant joints, or flexures, for each leg of the module and optimizes the mechanics of these flexures such that the module can be passively leveled over a range of landing slopes.... |
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Design of Structurally Efficient Tapered Struts 21 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: This report describes the analytical study of two full-scale tapered composite struts. The analytical study resulted in the design of two structurally efficient carbon/epoxy struts in accordance with NASA-specified geometries and loading conditions. Detailed stress analysis was performed of the insert, end fitting, and strut body to obtain an optimized weight with positive margins.... |
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NASA Human Health and Performance Center (NHHPC) 21 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: This slide presentation reviews the purpose, potential members and participants of the NASA Human Health and Performance Center (NHHPC). Included in the overview is a brief description of the administration and current activities of the NHHPC.... |
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Heat Effects of Promoters and Determination of Burn Criterion in Promoted Combustion Testing 21 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Promoted ignition testing (NASA Test 17) [1] is used to determine the relative flammability of metal rods in oxygen-enriched atmospheres. A promoter is used to ignite a metal sample rod, initiating sample burning. If a predetermined length of the sample burns, beyond the promoter, the material is considered flammable at the condition tested.... |
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Crew Exploration Vehicle Potable Water System Verification Description 21 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: A stored water system on the crew exploration vehicle (CEV) will supply the crew with potable water for: drinking and food rehydration, hygiene, medical needs, sublimation, and various contingency situations. The current baseline biocide for the stored water system is ionic silver, similar in composition to the biocide used to maintain the quality of the water, transferred from the orbiter to the International Space Station, stored in contingency water containers. In the CEV water system, a depletion of the ionic silver biocide is expected due to ionic silver-plating onto the surfaces of materials within the CEV water system, thus negating its effectiveness as a biocide.... |
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Long-Term Lunar Radiation Degradation Effects on Materials 21 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is focused on developing technologies for extending human presence beyond low Earth orbit. These technologies are to advance the state-of-the-art and provide for longer duration missions outside the protection of Earth's magnetosphere. One technology of great interest for large structures is advanced composite materials, due to their weight and cost savings, enhanced radiation protection for the crew, and potential for performance improvements when compared with existing metals.... |
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Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessel (COPV) Stress Rupture Testing 21 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: This paper reports stress rupture testing of Kevlar(TradeMark) composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs) at NASA White Sands Test Facility. This 6-year test program was part of the larger effort to predict and extend the lifetime of flight vessels. Tests were performed to characterize control parameters for stress rupture testing, and vessel life was predicted by statistical modeling.... |
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Testing of an Integrated Reactor Core Simulator and Power Conversion System with Simulated Reactivity Feedback 21 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: A Direct Drive Gas-Cooled (DDG) reactor core simulator has been coupled to a Brayton Power Conversion Unit (BPCU) for integrated system testing at NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) in Cleveland, Ohio. This is a closed-cycle system that incorporates an electrically heated reactor core module, turboalternator, recuperator, and gas cooler. Nuclear fuel elements in the gas-cooled reactor design are replaced with electric resistance heaters to simulate the heat from nuclear fuel in the corresponding fast spectrum nuclear reactor.... |
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Moisture-Induced Alumina Scale Spallation: The Hydrogen Factor 21 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: For some time the oxidation community has been concerned with interfacial spallation of protective alumina scales, not just upon immediate cool down, but as a time-delayed phenomenon. Moisture-induced delayed spallation (MIDS) and desktop spallation (DTS) of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) refer to this process. It is most apparent for relatively adherent alumina scales that have survived initial cool down in a dry environment, have built up considerable thickness and strain energy, and have been somewhat damaged, such as by cyclic oxidation cracking.... |
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A Unique Computational Algorithm to Simulate Probabilistic Multi-Factor Interaction Model Complex Material Point Behavior 21 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The Multi-Factor Interaction Model (MFIM) is used to evaluate the divot weight (foam weight ejected) from the launch external tanks. The multi-factor has sufficient degrees of freedom to evaluate a large number of factors that may contribute to the divot ejection. It also accommodates all interactions by its product form.... |
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Micromechanics-Based Structural Analysis (FEAMAC) and Multiscale Visualization within Abaqus/CAE Environment 21 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: A unified framework is presented that enables coupled multiscale analysis of composite structures and associated graphical pre- and postprocessing within the Abaqus/CAE environment. The recently developed, free, Finite Element Analysis--Micromechanics Analysis Code (FEAMAC) software couples NASA's Micromechanics Analysis Code with Generalized Method of Cells (MAC/GMC) with Abaqus/Standard and Abaqus/Explicit to perform micromechanics based FEA such that the nonlinear composite material response at each integration point is modeled at each increment by MAC/GMC. The Graphical User Interfaces (FEAMAC-Pre and FEAMAC-Post), developed through collaboration between SIMULIA Erie and the NASA Glenn Research Center, enable users to employ a new FEAMAC module within Abaqus/CAE that provides access to the composite microscale. FEA IAC-Pre is used to define and store constituent material properties, set-up and store composite repeating unit cells, and assign composite materials as sections with all data being stored within the CAE database.... |
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Battery Separator Characterization and Evaluation Procedures for NASA's Advanced Lithium-Ion Batteries 21 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: To address the future performance and safety requirements for the electrical energy storage technologies that will enhance and enable future NASA manned aerospace missions, advanced rechargeable, lithium-ion battery technology development is being pursued within the scope of the NASA Exploration Technology Development Program s (ETDP's) Energy Storage Project. A critical cell-level component of a lithium-ion battery which significantly impacts both overall electrochemical performance and safety is the porous separator that is sandwiched between the two active cell electrodes. To support the selection of the optimal cell separator material(s) for the advanced battery technology and chemistries under development, laboratory characterization and screening procedures were established to assess and compare separator material-level attributes and associated separator performance characteristics.... |
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Monitoring Invasive Aquatic Vegetation in Lake Okeechobee, Florida, Using NDVI Derived from Modis Data 21 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Lake Okeechobee, located in southern Florida, encompasses approximately 1,700 sq km and is a vital part of the Lake Okeechobee and Everglades ecosystem. Major cyanobacterial blooms have been documented in Lake Okeechobee since the 1970s and have continued to plague the ecosystem. Similarly, hydrilla, water hyacinth, and water lettuce have been documented in the lake and continue to threaten the ecosystem by their rapid growth.... |
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Fatigue Crack Closure Analysis Using Digital Image Correlation 21 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Fatigue crack closure during crack growth testing is analyzed in order to evaluate the critieria of ASTM Standard E647 for measurement of fatigue crack growth rates. Of specific concern is remote closure, which occurs away from the crack tip and is a product of the load history during crack-driving-force-reduction fatigue crack growth testing. Crack closure behavior is characterized using relative displacements determined from a series of high-magnification digital images acquired as the crack is loaded.... |
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Astrobiology and the Human Exploration of Mars 21 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: In March 2007, the Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group (MEPAG) chartered the Human Exploration of Mars Science Analysis Group (HEM-SAG), co-chaired by J. B. Garvin and J. S. Levine and consisting of about 30 Mars scientists from the U.S. and Europe. HEM-SAG was one of a half dozen teams charted by NASA to consider the human exploration of Mars. Other teams included: Mars Entry, Descent and Landing, Human Health and Performance, Flight and Surface Systems, and Heliospheric/Astrophysics.... |
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A History of NASA Remote Sensing Contributions to Archaeology 21 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: During its long history of developing and deploying remote sensing instruments, NASA has provided a scientific data that have benefitted a variety of scientific applications among them archaeology. Multispectral and hyperspectral instrument mounted on orbiting and suborbital platforms have provided new and important information for the discovery, delineation and analysis of archaeological sites worldwide. Since the early 1970s, several of the ten NASA centers have collaborated with archaeologists to refine and validate the use of active and passive remote sensing for archeological use.... |
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Use of NASA Satellite Data to Improve Coastal Cypress Forest Management 21 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: Problem: Information gaps exist regarding health status and location of cypress forests in coastal Louisiana (LA). Such information is needed to aid coastal forest conservation and restoration programs. Approach to Issue Mitigation: Use NASA data to revise cypress forest cover type maps.... |
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Risk-Informed Decision Making: Application to Technology Development Alternative Selection 21 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: NASA NPR 8000.4A, Agency Risk Management Procedural Requirements, defines risk management in terms of two complementary processes: Risk-informed Decision Making (RIDM) and Continuous Risk Management (CRM). The RIDM process is used to inform decision making by emphasizing proper use of risk analysis to make decisions that impact all mission execution domains (e.g., safety, technical, cost, and schedule) for program/projects and mission support organizations. The RIDM process supports the selection of an alternative prior to program commitment.... |
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PRA in Design: Increasing Confidence in Pre-Operational Assessments of Risks (Results of a Joint NASA/NRC Workshop) 21 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: In late 2009, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) jointly organized a workshop to discuss technical issues associated with application of risk assessments to early phases of system design. The workshop, which was coordinated by the Idaho National Laboratory, involved invited presentations from a number of PRA experts in the aerospace and nuclear fields and subsequent discussion to address the following questions: (a) What technical issues limit decision-makers' confidence in PRA results, especially at a pre-operational phase of the system life cycle? (b) What is being done to address these issues'? (c) What more can be done ? The workshop resulted in participant observations and suggestions on several technical issues, including the pursuit of non-traditional approaches to risk assessment and the verification and validation of risk models.... |
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Description and Operation of the A3 Subscale Facility 21 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the general design and operation of the A3 Subscale test facility. The goal is to provide the reader with a general understanding of what the major facility systems are, where they are located, and how they are used to meet the objectives supporting the design of the A3 altitude rocket test facility. This paper also provides the reader with the background information prior to reading the subsequent papers detailing the design and test results of the various systems described herein.... |
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Design and Activation of a LOX/GH Chemical Steam Generator 21 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to give a detailed description of the design and activation of the LOX/GH fueled chemical steam generator installed in Cell 2 of the E3 test facility at Stennis Space Center, MS (SSC). The steam generator uses a liquid oxygen oxidizer with gaseous hydrogen fuel. The combustion products are then quenched with water to create steam at pressures from 150 to 450 psig at temperatures from 350 to 750 deg F (from saturation to piping temperature limits).... |
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An Overview of Follow-On Testing Activities of the A-3 Subscale Diffuser Test Project 21 Jun 2010 - New NASA STI Abstract: An overview of NASA Stennis Space Center's (SSC) A-3 Subscale Diffuser Test (SDT) Project is presented. The original scope of the SDT Project, conducted from April 2007 to January 2008, collected data to support mitigation of risk associated with design and procurement activities of the A-3 Test Stand Project, an effort to construct a simulated altitude test facility at SSC in support of NASA's Constellation Program. Follow-on tests were conducted from May 2008 through August 2009, utilizing the SDT test setup as a testbed for additional risk mitigation activities.... |
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Aurora Australis Observed from the International Space Station 21 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory A sinuous green aurora appears above a deck of clouds in this dramatic astronaut photograph from May 29, 2010. |
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Tropical Storms Blas and Celia 21 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Acquired June 19, 2010, this natural-color image shows both Tropical Storm Blas (in the west) and Tropical Storm Celia (in the east). |
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Students Design Futuristic Flying Rescue Vehicles For NASA Contest 21 Jun 2010 - NASA Breaking News Students Design Futuristic Flying Rescue Vehicles For NASA Contest |
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President Obama Proposes Additional Financing For Growth And Jobs 21 Jun 2010 - NASA Breaking News The president submitted to Congress on Friday, June 18, a fiscal year 2011 budget amendment that targets up to $100 million toward spurring regional economic growth and job creation in the aerospace industry. |
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May 2010 Solar Storm 20 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory A bright mass of charged particles loops from the Sun’s outer atmosphere during a solar storm on May 23, 2010. Taken two hours apart, the pair of images shows the stream of particles moving away from the Sun during a coronal mass ejection. |
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Persepolis, Iran 19 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Acquired January 5, 2004, this natural-color image shows Persepolis and the surrounding landscape, with flat, cultivated land in the west and rugged mountains in the east. |
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Tropical Storm Blas 19 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Acquired June 17,2010, this natural-color image shows Tropical Storm Blas off the west coast of central Mexico. |
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Heavy Rains in Burma and Bangladesh 19 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory This color-coded image shows rainfall amounts from June 10–16, 2010 around the Bay of Bengal. The heaviest rainfall is concentrated along the northern coast of Burma and eastern coast of Bangladesh. |
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Flash Flooding in Arkansas 19 Jun 2010 - NASA Earth Observatory Acquired June 16, 2010, this natural-color image shows sandy deposits along the Little Missouri River that may result from scouring by floodwaters. |
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